# Law No. 9689 of July 14, 1998 > Brazilian law **Wikidata**: [Q105649771](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105649771) **Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/law-no-9689-of-july-14-1998 ## Summary Law No. 9689 of July 14, 1998 is a Brazilian federal statute promulgated by President Fernando Henrique Cardoso in Brasília. The law addresses subjects including fines ("Multa"), concessions ("Concessão"), and employees ("Empregado"). It is formally identified by the LexML Brazil ID `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-07-14;9689`. ## Key Facts - **Full Title:** Lei nº 9689, de 14 de julho de 1998 (Law No. 9689 of July 14, 1998) - **Alternative Citation:** Lei nº 9689/1998 - **Type of Legal Instrument:** Statute (formal written document that creates law) - **Jurisdiction:** Brazil (Federative Republic of Brazil) - **Date of Promulgation:** July 14, 1998 - **Date of Publication:** July 14, 1998 - **Place of Publication:** Brasília, Brazil - **Approved By:** Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil - **Promulgating Authority:** Fernando Henrique Cardoso (President of Brazil, 1995–2002) - **Language of Work:** Brazilian Portuguese - **Main Subjects:** Fine ("Multa"), Concession ("Concessão"), Employee ("Empregado") - **Official URL:** https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9689.htm - **LexML Brazil ID:** urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-07-14;9689 - **Country of Origin:** Brazil - **Classification:** Instance of a statute; subclass of written work, document, and rule - **WikiProject Inclusion:** On focus list of WikiProject Brazilian Laws ## FAQs **What type of legal document is Law No. 9689/1998?** Law No. 9689/1998 is a Brazilian federal statute—a formal written document enacted to create law. As a statute, it serves as the concrete manifestation of statutory law within Brazil's legal system. **Who approved and promulgated Law No. 9689/1998?** The law was approved by the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil and promulgated by President Fernando Henrique Cardoso on July 14, 1998. **Where can the official text of Law No. 9689/1998 be accessed?** The official text is available at https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9689.htm, hosted by the Brazilian government's official portal. It is also indexed under the LexML Brazil system with the identifier `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-07-14;9689`. **What are the main subjects addressed by Law No. 9689/1998?** The law addresses three primary subjects: fines ("Multa"), concessions ("Concessão"), and employees ("Empregado"), as stated in its official structured documentation. **In what language and jurisdiction does Law No. 9689/1998 apply?** The law is written in Brazilian Portuguese and applies to the jurisdiction of Brazil, the largest country in South America and the fifth-largest nation in the world by area. ## Why It Matters Law No. 9689 of July 14, 1998 represents a specific exercise of legislative authority within the Brazilian legal system during the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso. The law's focus on fines, concessions, and employees indicates its role in administrative, regulatory, or labor matters—critical areas for the functioning of government operations and private sector activities in Brazil. Statutes like Law No. 9689/1998 are foundational to the rule of law, providing the concrete, written evidence of legal rules that govern society. They ensure that legal mandates are documented, accessible, and enforceable, serving as definitive reference points for courts, citizens, and administrators. Within Brazil's federal republic structure, this law contributes to the broader body of statutory law that upholds the country's legal and administrative frameworks. The law's availability through official channels, such as the Planalto government website and the LexML Brazil system, underscores the importance of transparency and public access to legal texts. This accessibility is a cornerstone of democratic governance, allowing citizens and legal professionals to understand and comply with the law. ## Notable For - **Federal Statute Classification:** Recognized as an instance of a statute—a formal written document that creates law, encompassing acts, executive orders, and by-laws. - **Promulgation by President Fernando Henrique Cardoso:** Enacted during the tenure of Brazil's 34th president, who served from 1995 to 2003 and implemented significant economic reforms. - **Focus on Administrative and Labor Topics:** Explicitly addresses fines ("Multa"), concessions ("Concessão"), and employees ("Empregado"), indicating relevance to regulatory, administrative, and employment matters. - **Integration with LexML Brazil:** Assigned the unique identifier `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-07-14;9689` within Brazil's legal information standardization system. - **Public Accessibility:** Made freely available online at the official Planalto government website, aligning with the principle that legal texts should be publicly accessible. - **Jurisdictional Scope:** Applies to the entire Federative Republic of Brazil—the fifth-largest country by area and sixth-most populous nation globally. - **WikiProject Inclusion:** Listed on the focus list of WikiProject Brazilian Laws, indicating its relevance for collaborative documentation efforts. ## Body ### Legal Classification and Type Law No. 9689 of July 14, 1998 is classified as a **statute**, which constitutes a formal written document that creates law. Statutes are a foundational legal concept, serving as the manifestation of statutory law. They are created through legislation and function as the official record of legal rules enacted by a government or authority. As a statute, Law No. 9689/1998 is taxonomically classified as an instance of a "legal term or legal concept" and a subclass of "written work," "document," and "rule." Statutes are distinct from but related to broader concepts such as "legislation" or "legal act" in knowledge systems. ### Context within Brazilian Law Brazil operates as a federal republic with a civil law legal system. The country's legal framework is based on the Constitution of Brazil, promulgated on October 5, 1988. The legislative body is the National Congress of Brazil, comprising the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, with the Supreme Federal Court (STF) serving as the highest judicial authority. Statutes such as Law No. 9689/1998 are enacted through this legislative process and subsequently promulgated by the President of the Republic. The law was enacted during the presidency of **Fernando Henrique Cardoso**, who served as President from January 1, 1995, to January 1, 2003. His administration was marked by significant economic reforms, including the consolidation of the Real Plan, which had introduced the Brazilian real (BRL) as the national currency on July 1, 1994. ### Main Subjects and Provisions The main subjects of Law No. 9689/1998 are explicitly identified in its structured data: - **Fine ("Multa"):** This indicates provisions related to monetary penalties, which may be administrative, civil, or regulatory in nature. - **Concession ("Concessão"):** This typically refers to the granting of rights, often by the government to private entities, for the provision of public services or the use of public resources. - **Employee ("Empregado"):** This indicates that the law addresses matters related to employment, labor rights, or the status of workers. These subjects point to the law's potential role in regulating administrative procedures, public-private partnerships, or labor relations within Brazil. ### Publication and Accessibility Law No. 9689/1998 was published on **July 14, 1998**, in **Brasília**, which has served as the capital of Brazil since April 22, 1960 (previously Rio de Janeiro). The official text is available online at https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9689.htm, maintained by the Brazilian government's official portal (gov.br). The law is also indexed in the **LexML Brazil** system, a standard for legal information exchange in Brazil. Its unique identifier in this system is `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-07-14;9689`. This identifier allows for precise referencing and retrieval of the legal text across different databases and platforms, supporting standardized legal documentation practices. ### Jurisdiction and Language The law applies to the entire territory of the **Federative Republic of Brazil**. Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth-largest in the world by area, spanning approximately 8,515,767 km². It shares borders with ten countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The law is written in **Brazilian Portuguese**, the official language of Brazil. Portuguese is the most widely spoken language in the country, and Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas. The law's text uses the legal terminology and conventions of Brazilian Portuguese. ### Role in the Statutory Framework As a statute, Law No. 9689/1998 is part of the broader body of statutory law in Brazil. Statutes are the primary instruments through which government authority is formally exercised and recorded. They provide the concrete, written evidence of legal rules—statutory law—that govern society. Statutes are composed of "legal norms" and are themselves a "part of" the broader concepts of "law" and "legal act." Structurally, the creation of a statute follows "draft laws" and is caused by the act of "legislation." In many jurisdictions, such as the United States and France, statutes are considered public domain documents based on the "edict of government doctrine," ensuring public accessibility to legal texts. While the source material does not explicitly state the copyright status of Brazilian statutes, their availability on government websites suggests a commitment to public accessibility and transparency. ### Identification and References - **Title:** Lei nº 9689, de 14 de julho de 1998 - **Alternative Citation:** Lei nº 9689/1998 - **LexML Brazil ID:** urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-07-14;9689 - **Official URL:** https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9689.htm - **Language:** Brazilian Portuguese - **Place of Publication:** Brasília, Brazil - **Date of Publication:** July 14, 1998 - **Approved By:** Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil - **Promulgating Authority:** Fernando Henrique Cardoso - **Jurisdiction:** Brazil - **Instance Of:** Statute - **WikiProject:** On focus list of WikiProject Brazilian Laws ## References 1. [Source](https://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-07-14;9689) 2. [Source](https://legislacao.presidencia.gov.br/atos?tipo=LEI&numero=9689&ano=1998&data=14/07/1998&ato=7b7IzaE1EeNpWTf2f)