# Law No. 9156 of December 14, 1995

> Brazilian law

**Wikidata**: [Q105650518](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650518)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/law-no-9156-of-december-14-1995

## Summary
Law No. 9156 of December 14, 1995, is a Brazilian statute enacted under the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso that authorizes special budgetary adjustments and the opening of credit for the Federal Government. As a formal written document, it functions as a manifestation of statutory law within the country's fiscal budget framework. The law was promulgated in Brasília and applies specifically to the executive branch and the financial administration of the Federative Republic of Brazil.

## Key Facts
- **Official Title:** Lei nº 9156, de 14 de dezembro de 1995 (Law No. 9156 of December 14, 1995).
- **Legal Citation:** Lei nº 9156/1995.
- **Date of Enactment:** December 14, 1995.
- **Approving Authority:** Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil.
- **Promulgating President:** Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
- **Jurisdiction:** Brazil (Federative Republic of Brazil).
- **Place of Publication:** Brasília (Federal Capital).
- **Language:** Brazilian Portuguese.
- **Classification:** Statute (formal written document that creates law).
- **Main Subjects:** Special budgetary adjustment (Crédito Especial), Federal Government (União Federal), Authorization (Autorização), Executive branch (Executivo), Fiscal budget (Orçamento Fiscal), Opening of credit (Abertura De Credito).
- **LexML ID:** urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1995-12-14;9156.
- **Official URL:** https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1995_1997/l9156.htm.
- **WikiProject:** WikiProject Brazilian Laws.

## FAQs
**What is the primary purpose of Law No. 9156/1995?**
This law serves as an authorization for special budgetary adjustments, specifically the "Abertura De Credito" (opening of credit) for the Federal Government. It governs the allocation of funds within the fiscal budget (Orçamento Fiscal) and is directed toward the executive branch.

**Who signed and enacted Law No. 9156?**
The law was approved by the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil. It was promulgated by President Fernando Henrique Cardoso on December 14, 1995, as part of the federal legislative process during his administration.

**Where was this law officially published?**
The document was published in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. As a federal statute, it applies to the jurisdiction of the entire country and is archived in the official legislation portal (planalto.gov.br).

**How is this law classified legally?**
Law No. 9156 is classified as a "statute," which is defined as a formal written document that creates law. It is a tangible manifestation of statutory law, distinct from abstract legal concepts, and is considered a public domain document under the edict of government doctrine.

**What specific government entities does this law address?**
The law explicitly addresses the "União Federal" (Federal Government of Brazil) and the "Executivo" (executive branch). It outlines the "Destinação" (end use or destination) of funds authorized under the special credit.

## Why It Matters
Law No. 9156 matters as a specific financial instrument within the Brazilian legal system, providing the necessary legal authorization for the government to open special credits and adjust the fiscal budget. Enacted during the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a period marked by significant economic reforms in Brazil, this statute represents the formal procedures through which the executive branch manages federal resources. By documenting the authorization for budgetary adjustments, the law ensures transparency and adherence to statutory requirements in public spending. As a statute, it also serves as a primary historical and legal record of the government's fiscal decisions in late 1995, remaining accessible to the public as part of the official legal domain.

## Notable For
- **Budgetary Authorization:** Specifically noted for authorizing "Crédito Especial" (special credit) and "Abertura De Credito" (opening of credit) within the Federal Government's fiscal budget.
- **Executive Branch Focus:** Distinctly targets the "Executivo" (executive branch) for the execution of the authorized financial measures.
- **Cardoso Administration:** Enacted during the tenure of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, reflecting the fiscal governance of that era.
- **Legal Classification:** Formally recognized as a "statute," placing it within the global standard of legal documentation equivalent to `https://schema.org/Legislation`.
- **Public Domain Status:** Like all Brazilian statutes, it is a public domain document, ensuring unrestricted access to the legal text for citizens and administrators.

## Body

### Legal Classification and Nature
Law No. 9156 is classified as a **statute**, a foundational legal term defined as a formal written document that creates law. As a statute, it is taxonomically a subclass of "written work," "document," and "rule," serving as the concrete manifestation of statutory law. This classification distinguishes it from abstract legal theories; it is the tangible "legal act" that results from the legislative process. Structurally, the law is composed of "legal norms" and functions as an official record of the rules enacted by the government. In the context of global knowledge systems, this entity is treated as the real-world equivalent of the `https://schema.org/Legislation` class.

### Legislative Context and Approval
The law was enacted on **December 14, 1995**, during the administration of President **Fernando Henrique Cardoso**. It was approved by the **Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil**, with the determination method recorded as "promulgation." This places the law within the specific historical context of Brazil's federal government in the mid-1990s. The document serves as an official record of the executive authority's exercise of power, following the "draft laws" phase and resulting in binding statutory law. The promulgation by Cardoso links this specific financial authorization to the broader economic policies of his presidency.

### Subject Matter and Budgetary Scope
The primary content of Law No. 9156 revolves around financial administration and budgetary control. The law's main subjects include:
- **Special Budgetary Adjustment (Crédito Especial):** Authorization for credits outside the standard budgetary limits.
- **Fiscal Budget (Orçamento Fiscal):** The specific financial framework within which the adjustments are made.
- **Opening of Credit (Abertura De Credito):** The formal act of creating credit or allocating funds.
- **Authorization (Autorização):** The legal permission granted to the executive branch to execute these financial actions.

The law specifies the "Destinação" (end use) of funds, ensuring that the special credits are utilized for the purposes intended by the Federal Government (União Federal). It explicitly targets the "Executivo" (executive branch), delineating the administrative body responsible for the funds.

### Jurisdiction and Geographic Scope
This statute applies to the jurisdiction of **Brazil**, specifically the **Federative Republic of Brazil**. As the largest country in South America and a federal republic, Brazil's legal system requires such formal statutes to govern federal operations across its vast territory, which spans approximately 8.5 million km². The law was published in **Brasília**, the federal capital, which has served as the seat of government since 1960. The document is written in **Brazilian Portuguese**, the official language of Brazil, ensuring its accessibility and enforceability across the nation's 26 states and Federal District.

### Documentation and Identifiers
Law No. 9156 is cataloged with several specific identifiers that facilitate its retrieval and verification in legal databases:
- **LexML Brazil ID:** `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1995-12-14;9156`
- **Legal Citation:** `Lei nº 9156/1995`
- **Official URL:** Hosted on the Presidência da República website at `https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1995_1997/l9156.htm`

The law is also tracked within the Wikimedia ecosystem as part of the **WikiProject Brazilian Laws**, highlighting its relevance to open knowledge initiatives regarding Brazilian legislation.

### Copyright and Public Policy
As a statute, Law No. 9156 is subject to the "edict of government doctrine," which holds that official legal documents are not subject to copyright. This means the text of the law is in the **public domain** in the United States, France, and Brazil. This policy ensures that the laws governing the public are freely owned and accessible by the public, reinforcing principles of open government and the rule of law. The exemption from copyright restrictions allows citizens, legal professionals, and systems to freely reproduce, distribute, and analyze the text without legal encumbrance.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1995-12-14;9156)
2. [Source](https://legislacao.presidencia.gov.br/atos?tipo=LEI&numero=9156&ano=1995&data=14/12/1995&ato=390oXWq5UeJpWTd08)