# Law No. 445 of October 20, 1948

> Brazilian law

**Wikidata**: [Q105647980](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105647980)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/law-no-445-of-october-20-1948

## Summary
**Law No. 445 of October 20, 1948** is a Brazilian statute that authorizes the Ministry of Education and Health to open a special credit line for the payment of teaching gratuities (gratificação de magistério). Promulgated by the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil, it serves as a specific legal instrument for budgetary adjustment within the framework of Brazilian statutory law.

## Key Facts
- **Full Title:** Lei nº 445, de 20 de outubro de 1948
- **Date of Promulgation:** October 20, 1948
- **Issuing Authority:** Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil
- **Jurisdiction:** Brazil
- **Language:** Brazilian Portuguese
- **Legal Classification:** Statute (formal written document that creates law)
- **Primary Function:** Authorizes a special budgetary adjustment (Credito Especial)
- **Beneficiary Entity:** Ministry of Education and Health (Ministerio Da Educação E Saude)
- **Specific Purpose:** Payment of teaching gratuities (Gratificação De Magisterio)
- **Place of Publication:** Rio de Janeiro
- **Legal Citation:** Lei nº 445/1948
- **LexML Brazil ID:** urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1948-10-20;445
- **Wikimedia Project Status:** On the focus list of WikiProject Brazilian Laws

## FAQs
**What is the specific function of Law No. 445/1948?**
The law functions as a budgetary authorization, specifically enabling the Ministry of Education and Health to open a "special credit" (Credito Especial). Its sole objective is to facilitate the payment of teaching gratuities (Gratificação De Magisterio).

**Which government authority approved this law?**
The statute was approved by the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil. This approval was executed via promulgation on October 20, 1948.

**What is the legal classification of this document?**
It is classified as a **statute**, which is defined as a formal written document that creates law. In the context of Brazilian law, it is considered a manifestation of statutory law and a type of legal act.

**Where was this law published and applied?**
The law was published in Rio de Janeiro and applies to the jurisdiction of Brazil.

## Why It Matters
Law No. 445 of October 20, 1948, matters as a concrete example of post-war Brazilian administrative law and fiscal management. It illustrates the mechanism of "special credit" (Credito Especial), a budgetary tool used by the government to address specific financial obligations—in this case, the payment of gratuities to teaching professionals. By formally authorizing the Ministry of Education and Health to bypass standard budgetary restrictions for this specific payment, the law highlights the government's commitment to educational staff compensation and the procedural requirements of the Brazilian state. Furthermore, its inclusion in the WikiProject Brazilian Laws indicates its relevance in the systematic documentation and digital preservation of Brazil's legislative history.

## Notable For
- **Budgetary Mechanism:** Specifically utilizes a "special budgetary adjustment" (Credito Especial) rather than general appropriations.
- **Sector Specificity:** Expressly targets the Ministry of Education and Health, reflecting the administrative structure of Brazil in 1948.
- **Labor Compensation:** Focuses exclusively on the "payment" of "Gratificação De Magisterio" (teaching gratification).
- **Legal Documentation:** Possesses a distinct LexML Brazil identifier (urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1948-10-20;445), marking it as an officially cataloged piece of Brazilian legislation.

## Body

### Legislative Overview
Law No. 445 of October 20, 1948 (Lei nº 445, de 20 de outubro de 1948) is a statute enacted in Brazil. As a legal term and concept, it falls under the class of "statute," defined as a formal written document that creates law. It is a manifestation of statutory law resulting from the legislative process. The law applies to the jurisdiction of Brazil and is written in Brazilian Portuguese.

### Purpose and Content
The primary subject of the law is a "special budgetary adjustment" (stated as "Credito Especial"). The law authorizes the opening of this credit to facilitate a specific financial transaction: the "payment" of "Gratificação De Magisterio" (teaching gratification).

The administrative responsibility for executing this law falls under the "Ministry of Education and Health" (Ministerio Da Educação E Saude). The law digest explicitly summarizes the act as authorizing the opening of credit by this ministry for the stated payment purpose.

### Enactment and Publication
The statute was approved by the **Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil** on October 20, 1948. The determination method for this approval is listed as "promulgation." The place of publication for the law was **Rio de Janeiro**, which was the federal capital of Brazil at the time (remaining so until the transition to Brasília in 1960).

### Context of Jurisdiction
The law operates within the **Federative Republic of Brazil**, a country in South America. During the time of this law's enactment in 1948, Brazil was operating under the constitution of 1937 (the "Estado Novo" period) or transitioning depending on the exact month relative to the 1945 election, though the source material primarily defines Brazil's broader historical timeline (independence in 1822, capital transition in 1960). The entity Brazil serves as the "country" and "applies to jurisdiction" for this law.

### Identification and Cataloging
The law is cataloged under the legal citation **Lei nº 445/1948**. It has been assigned the LexML Brazil ID `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1948-10-20;445`. It is also tracked by WikiProject Brazilian Laws, indicating its inclusion in structured knowledge projects focused on Brazilian legislation.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1948-10-20;445)
2. LexML Brasil