# Law No. 3591 of July 22, 1959

> Brazilian law

**Wikidata**: [Q105648528](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105648528)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/law-no-3591-of-july-22-1959

## Summary
Law No. 3591 of July 22, 1959, is a Brazilian statute (formal written document) enacted by the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil that established a special budgetary adjustment for the judiciary, published in Rio de Janeiro and available in Brazilian Portuguese.

## Key Facts
- **Title and Identifier**: Officially titled "Lei nº 3591, de 22 de julho de 1959" with the LEXML Brazil ID `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1959-07-22;3591`
- **Publication Date**: Enacted on July 22, 1959, with publication in Rio de Janeiro
- **Country of Origin**: Applies to Brazil, a federal republic with Portuguese as the official language
- **Approval Authority**: Approved by the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil under President Juscelino Kubitschek
- **Legal Classification**: Classified as a "statute" or "legal act" and serves as a manifestation of statutory law
- **Main Subjects**: Focuses on "special budgetary adjustment" (credito especial) and the judiciary
- **Language**: Written in Brazilian Portuguese
- **Citation Format**: Legal citation is "Lei nº 3591/1959"
- **Availability**: The full text is accessible at `https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1950-1969/l3591.htm`
- **Wikimedia Focus**: Included in the WikiProject Brazilian Laws
- **Instance Type**: An example of a formal written document creating law, following the definition of a statute

## FAQs
**What is the primary subject of Law No. 3591?**
The law primarily addresses a special budgetary adjustment for the judiciary, establishing financial provisions specifically for judicial operations.

**Who approved this law and when?**
The law was approved by the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil under President Juscelino Kubitschek on July 22, 1959.

**Where was this law published and what language is it in?**
The law was published in Rio de Janeiro and is written in Brazilian Portuguese.

**What is the legal citation format for this law?**
The legal citation format is "Lei nº 3591/1959".

**Where can the full text of this law be found online?**
The full text is available at the URL `https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1950-1969/l3591.htm`.

**What is the LEXML identifier for this law?**
The LEXML Brazil identifier is `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1959-07-22;3591`.

## Why It Matters
Law No. 3591 of July 22, 1959 represents a foundational piece of Brazilian statutory law that specifically addressed financial provisions for the judiciary. By establishing a special budgetary adjustment, it ensured dedicated funding for judicial operations, which was crucial for maintaining the independence and functionality of Brazil's judicial system. The law exemplifies how statutes serve as concrete manifestations of statutory law, providing tangible legal rules that govern governmental operations and resource allocation. Its inclusion in the public domain (as with most Brazilian laws) ensures transparency and accessibility to citizens, reinforcing democratic principles and the rule of law.

## Notable For
- **Historical Significance**: One of the earliest federal laws addressing judicial budgetary provisions in post-independence Brazil
- **Legal Classification**: Explicitly classified as a "statute" under the formal definition of a written document creating law
- **Public Domain Status**: Available in the public domain through official government portals, ensuring unrestricted access to legal texts
- **Jurisdictional Scope**: Applies exclusively to Brazil, reflecting the country's federal system and specific legal framework
- **Language and Publication**: Published in the official Brazilian Portuguese language with formal publication in Rio de Janeiro
- **Presidential Approval**: Approved by the executive branch under President Juscelino Kubitschek, representing the legislative-executive relationship in Brazilian governance

## Body
### Definition and Legal Classification
Law No. 3591 of July 22, 1959 is formally classified as a "statute" according to the legal definition provided in the source material. It represents a formal written document that creates law, encompassing acts passed by legislatures, executive orders, and by-laws. The law is specifically categorized as an instance of a "legal term or legal concept" and serves as a subclass of "written work," "document," and "rule." This classification positions it within the broader framework of statutory law, which functions as the official record of legal rules enacted by the Brazilian government.

### Historical Context and Approval
The law was enacted during a period of significant political and economic development in Brazil. At the time of its approval on July 22, 1959, President Juscelino Kubitschek was leading the country through a period of modernization and industrialization. The law was published in Rio de Janeiro, the then-capital of Brazil, reflecting the administrative center of the federal government. The approval process followed the standard legislative procedures of the Federative Republic of Brazil, with the executive branch (Presidency) exercising its constitutional authority to promulgate laws.

### Subject Matter and Purpose
The primary subject of Law No. 3591 is the establishment of a "special budgetary adjustment" (credito especial) for the judiciary. This provision was designed to allocate dedicated financial resources specifically for judicial operations, ensuring that the judiciary had sufficient funding to fulfill its constitutional mandate. The law addresses the relationship between the judiciary and the national budget, creating a specific mechanism for financial support that distinguishes it from general budgetary allocations.

### Publication and Accessibility
The law was published in the official government gazette and is available through the official portal of the Planalto (Presidential Office). The full text can be accessed at the URL `https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1950-1969/l3591.htm`. The publication in Rio de Janeiro aligns with the historical administrative center of Brazil, and the document is written in Brazilian Portuguese, the official language of the country. The legal citation format is standardized as "Lei nº 3591/1959," which follows the conventional Brazilian legal citation system.

### Jurisdiction and Application
The law applies exclusively to Brazil, specifically to the Federative Republic of Brazil. It operates within the framework of Brazil's federal system, where the judiciary is one of the three branches of government with independent authority. The jurisdictional scope is limited to Brazilian territory and legal entities, reflecting the country's constitutional structure and the principle of territorial sovereignty.

### Language and Translation
The law is written in Brazilian Portuguese, which is the official language of Brazil. This language choice reflects the country's historical ties to Portugal and its status as a Portuguese-speaking nation. The use of Portuguese ensures that the legal text is accessible to the majority of the Brazilian population and aligns with the country's linguistic and cultural identity.

### Technical and Structural Elements
The law follows the standard structure of Brazilian statutes, including a title, publication date, approval authority, and specific provisions regarding budgetary adjustments. The document includes references to the LEXML Brazil identifier system, which provides a standardized way to reference and catalog Brazilian legislation. The law is cataloged under the WikiProject Brazilian Laws, indicating its inclusion in the collaborative Wikipedia project focused on Brazilian legal documents.

### Relationship to Other Legal Concepts
Law No. 3591 is related to broader concepts of statutory law and judicial independence. It functions as a manifestation of statutory law, creating specific legal rules that govern the financial operations of the judiciary. The law is distinct from general legislation but is part of the same legal framework that governs Brazil's governmental operations. Its creation follows the standard legislative process, involving drafting, approval by the executive branch, and subsequent publication.

### Public Domain Status
Like most Brazilian laws, Law No. 3591 is considered to be in the public domain. This status is based on the "edict of government doctrine" which establishes that official legal documents are not subject to copyright protection. The law's availability through government portals ensures that citizens have unrestricted access to the legal texts that govern their rights and obligations, reinforcing principles of transparency and democratic governance.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1959-07-22;3591)
2. [Source](https://legislacao.presidencia.gov.br/atos?tipo=LEI&numero=3591&ano=1959&data=22/07/1959&ato=7ddo3ZU5UMRRVT31b)