# Law No. 2861 of September 4, 1956

> Brazilian law

**Wikidata**: [Q105649658](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105649658)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/law-no-2861-of-september-4-1956

## Summary
Law No. 2861 of September 4, 1956, is a Brazilian statute enacted during the presidency of Juscelino Kubitschek. It primarily addresses the authorization and governance of federal universities and related institutional provisions, reflecting its role in shaping Brazil’s public education framework. Enacted in Rio de Janeiro, the law remains accessible via official government portals, underscoring its enduring legal relevance.

## Key Facts
- **Enactment Date:** September 4, 1956.
- **Approved By:** Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil, specifically President Juscelino Kubitschek.
- **Jurisdiction:** Applies to Brazil, with a focus on the Federal District (Distrito Federal).
- **Main Subjects:** Federal universities, authorization processes, institutional benefits (proventos), and concessions.
- **Legal Citation:** Lei nº 2861/1956.
- **Publication Details:** Published in Rio de Janeiro, available at [https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1950-1969/l2861.htm](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1950-1969/l2861.htm).
- **Language:** Brazilian Portuguese.
- **Identifier:** LexML Brazil ID `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1956-09-04;2861`.
- **Focus Area:** Part of WikiProject Brazilian Laws for documentation and analysis.

## FAQs
**What is the primary purpose of Law No. 2861?**  
This law establishes frameworks for federal universities in Brazil, addressing authorization, governance, and institutional benefits such as concessions and employee advantages.

**Who approved Law No. 2861?**  
The law was approved by President Juscelino Kubitschek on September 4, 1956, during his term as head of the Brazilian executive branch.

**Where does this law apply?**  
It applies nationwide in Brazil, with specific provisions related to the Federal District (Distrito Federal).

**How can the full text of the law be accessed?**  
The complete text is available via the official Brazilian government portal at [https://www.planalto.gov.br](https://www.planalto.gov.br), ensuring public accessibility.

**What key entities does the law involve?**  
The law pertains to federal universities, the executive branch, and governmental authorization processes, reflecting its role in public administration and education.

## Why It Matters
Law No. 2861 is significant for its contributions to Brazil’s educational and institutional infrastructure. By formalizing the legal framework for federal universities, it reinforced the country’s commitment to public higher education during a period of modernization under President Kubitschek. The law’s provisions on authorization and governance helped standardize operations across federal institutions, ensuring alignment with national development goals. Its enduring accessibility and citation in legal contexts underscore its role as a foundational document in Brazilian administrative law, particularly in the management of public resources and academic institutions.

## Notable For
- **Focus on Federal Universities:** Directly addresses the authorization and operational guidelines for federal universities, a critical component of Brazil’s public education system.
- **Presidential Approval:** Enacted under President Juscelino Kubitschek, a key figure in Brazil’s mid-20th-century modernization efforts.
- **Jurisdictional Specificity:** Includes provisions tailored to the Federal District, reflecting centralized governance structures of the time.
- **Enduring Accessibility:** Remains publicly available through official channels, ensuring transparency and legal reference.
- **LexML Identification:** Assigned a unique LexML identifier, integrating it into Brazil’s digital legal documentation system.

## Body

### Historical Context
Law No. 2861 was enacted on September 4, 1956, during the presidency of Juscelino Kubitschek (1956–1961), a period marked by significant modernization initiatives in Brazil. The law aligns with Kubitschek’s broader agenda to expand infrastructure and institutional capacity, including investments in education and public administration.

### Legal Scope and Provisions
The statute primarily governs federal universities and related institutional processes. Key provisions include:
- **Authorization Mechanisms:** Outlines procedures for establishing and regulating federal universities.
- **Institutional Benefits:** Addresses employee benefits (proventos) and concessions tied to these institutions.
- **Governance Structures:** Defines administrative frameworks to ensure compliance with federal standards.

### Jurisdiction and Application
While applicable nationwide, the law specifically references the Federal District (Distrito Federal), underscoring the centralized role of Brasília in overseeing federal institutions. This reflects Brazil’s federal structure, where the Federal District serves as the seat of government.

### Accessibility and Documentation
Published in Rio de Janeiro, the law is accessible via the official government portal [https://www.planalto.gov.br](https://www.planalto.gov.br). Its LexML identifier (`urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1956-09-04;2861`) integrates it into Brazil’s digital legal repository, ensuring transparency and ease of reference for researchers, policymakers, and the public.

### Related Entities and Roles
- **President Juscelino Kubitschek:** As the approving authority, his leadership context is critical to understanding the law’s timing and intent.
- **Federal Universities:** The law’s primary subjects, these institutions remain central to Brazil’s public education system.
- **Executive Branch:** The law’s enactment and enforcement fall under the executive branch’s mandate, highlighting intergovernmental coordination.

### Cultural and Educational Impact
By formalizing the legal status of federal universities, Law No. 2861 contributed to the expansion of higher education access in Brazil. This supported broader societal development goals, including workforce training and research advancement, which were pivotal during Brazil’s rapid urbanization and industrialization in the mid-20th century.

### Technical Specifications
- **Language:** Drafted in Brazilian Portuguese, reflecting Brazil’s official language policy.
- **Identifier:** The LexML ID ensures machine-readable cataloging, aiding in legal research and compliance tracking.
- **Preservation Status:** As a public domain government document, the law is exempt from copyright restrictions in jurisdictions like the United States and France, further ensuring its accessibility.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1956-09-04;2861)
2. [Source](https://legislacao.presidencia.gov.br/atos?tipo=LEI&numero=2861&ano=1956&data=04/09/1956&ato=247MTQ650dNRVTf2b)