# Kozan

> District of Adana, Turkey

**Wikidata**: [Q926426](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926426)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozan,_Adana)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/kozan

## Summary

Kozan is a city and district of Turkey located in Adana Province, with an area of 1,873 square kilometres and an elevation of 120 metres above sea level. Historically known as Sis, it served as the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and has been part of modern Turkey since 1923. As of 2018, the district has a population of 130,495 residents.

## Key Facts

- **Area**: 1,873 square kilometres
- **Elevation**: 120 metres above sea level
- **Coordinates**: 37.4507°N, 35.812347222222°E
- **Population (2018)**: 130,495 (Address-Based Population Registration System)
- **Population (2000)**: 130,875
- **Urban Population (2021)**: 132,320
- **Rural Population (2012)**: 47,983
- **Country**: Turkey (since 1923); previously Armenian Principality of Cilicia (1080–1198)
- **Administrative Location**: Adana Province (since 1922)
- **Timezone**: UTC+03:00 (since 2 October 2018)
- **Postal Code**: 01502
- **Licence Plate Code**: 01
- **Official Language**: Turkish
- **Official Website**: http://www.kozan.bel.tr/
- **UN/LOCODE**: TRKZN
- **Historical Names**: Sis, Partzerpert, Сис, Սիս
- **Inception**: 300 BC (approximately 2,300 years ago)
- **Historical Role**: Capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

## FAQs

**Where is Kozan located?**
Kozan is situated in southern Turkey within Adana Province at coordinates 37.4507°N, 35.812347222222°E. It has been administratively part of Adana Province since 1922.

**What was Kozan's historical significance?**
Kozan, historically known as Sis, served as the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. From 1080 to 1198, it was part of the Armenian Principality of Cilicia before becoming the kingdom's capital.

**What is the current population of Kozan?**
According to the 2018 Address-Based Population Registration System, Kozan has a total population of 130,495. The urban population in 2021 was recorded at 132,320, while the rural population in 2012 was 47,983.

**What are the alternative names for Kozan?**
Kozan has been known by several names throughout history, including Sis (its official name until 1920), Partzerpert, Сис (Cyrillic), and Սիս (Armenian script).

## Why It Matters

Kozan holds significant historical importance as the former capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, a medieval Armenian state that existed in the region. This legacy is preserved through its historical names and cultural heritage, documented in sources such as the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary and the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th Edition. The city's strategic location in the Cilician plain has made it an important settlement for over two millennia, with its founding dating back to approximately 300 BC. Today, Kozan serves as an administrative district within Turkey's Adana Province, maintaining its role as a regional centre while preserving evidence of its multilayered historical past. The city's extensive documentation across multiple languages—43 Wikipedia language editions—and its cataloguing in numerous international identifier systems (GND, VIAF, GeoNames, Pleiades) demonstrate its recognised significance in geographical and historical scholarship.

## Notable For

- **Former Capital City**: Served as the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, a significant medieval Armenian polity
- **Ancient Foundation**: Dating back to approximately 300 BC, making it over 2,300 years old
- **Multilingual Historical Legacy**: Known by multiple names across cultures—Sis, Partzerpert, Сис, Սիس—reflecting its diverse historical influences
- **Extensive International Documentation**: Catalogued in 43 different Wikipedia language editions, including Armenian, Arabic, Persian, and numerous European languages
- **Comprehensive Academic Coverage**: Described in major encyclopedic works including Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary and the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th Edition
- **Digital Heritage Presence**: Maintains presence across multiple international database systems including Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire, iNaturalist, and Kultur Envanteri

## Body

### Geography and Location

Kozan is positioned at coordinates 37.4507° north latitude and 35.812347222222° east longitude in southern Turkey. The district encompasses a total area of 1,873 square kilometres and sits at an elevation of 120 metres above sea level. Since 2 October 2018, Kozan operates on UTC+03:00 timezone, aligned with the national time standard for Turkey. The district's postal code is 01502, and vehicles registered in the area bear the licence plate code 01, corresponding to Adana Province.

### Historical Background

The settlement traces its origins to approximately 300 BC, indicating ancient foundations. Kozan experienced significant political changes throughout its history:

- **Armenian Principality of Cilicia (1080–1198)**: Kozan, then known as Sis, was part of this Armenian principality
- **Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia**: Sis served as the capital of this medieval kingdom
- **Modern Turkey (1923–present)**: Following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, Kozan became part of the new nation-state

The city's name was officially changed from Sis to Kozan, with "Sis" serving as the official name until 1920. This renaming coincided with the broader administrative reorganisation of the region.

### Demographics

Kozan's population has demonstrated fluctuations over recent decades, with detailed records available for both urban and rural components:

**Total Population:**
- 2000: 130,875
- 2018: 130,495 (preferred figure, Address-Based Population Registration System)

**Urban Population Trends:**
- 1965: 20,236
- 1970: 26,097
- 1975: 32,045
- 1980: 42,462
- 1985: 50,324
- 1990: 54,451
- 2000: 75,833
- 2007: 72,463
- 2008: 72,727
- 2009: 74,521
- 2010: 76,864
- 2011: 78,587
- 2012: 79,943
- 2013: 128,153
- 2014: 128,893
- 2015: 129,242
- 2016: 129,985
- 2017: 130,456
- 2018: 130,495
- 2019: 131,633
- 2020: 132,974
- 2021: 132,320

**Rural Population Trends:**
- 1965: 72,649
- 1970: 78,472
- 1975: 83,634
- 1980: 88,338
- 1985: 93,049
- 1990: 63,253
- 2000: 55,042
- 2007: 51,517
- 2008: 51,942
- 2009: 51,292
- 2010: 50,236
- 2011: 49,217
- 2012: 47,983

The data reveals a significant reclassification event around 2013, where urban population figures increased substantially, likely reflecting administrative boundary changes or reclassification of rural areas.

### Administrative Status

Kozan is classified as a city, big city, and district of Turkey. It has been located within Adana Province since 1922, following the administrative reorganisation of the Turkish Republic. The official language is Turkish, and the local government maintains an official website at kozan.bel.tr.

### External Identifiers and International Recognition

Kozan is catalogued in numerous international databases and identifier systems:

**Library and Bibliographic Identifiers:**
- GND ID: 4622288-1
- VIAF ID: 239201914

**Geographical Databases:**
- GeoNames ID: 7911055 (administrative territorial entity), 306112 (human settlement)
- Pleiades ID: 34546779
- Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire ID: 43377
- iNaturalist Place ID: 106081
- Who's On First ID: 890462525
- OpenStreetMap Relation ID: 1249252

**Trade and Commerce:**
- UN/LOCODE: TRKZN

**Cultural Heritage:**
- Armeniapedia ID: 4572
- Kultur Envanteri Taxonomy ID: 778
- Museum Digital Place ID: 13281, 15625

**Other Systems:**
- Freebase ID: /m/012wz4
- SNARC ID: Q5217
- FactGrid Item ID: Leon Lichtenstein

### Academic and Encyclopedic Documentation

Kozan has been documented in significant reference works:
- **Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary**: A major Russian-language encyclopedia
- **Encyclopædia Britannica 11th Edition**: Under the entry "Sis"

### Wikimedia and Online Presence

The city maintains extensive presence across Wikimedia projects:
- **Wikipedia Title**: Kozan, Adana
- **Commons Category**: Kozan
- **Wikipedia Languages**: Available in 43 language editions including Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Catalan, German, Greek, English, Esperanto, Spanish, Persian, Finnish, French, Georgian, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Kurdish, Malay, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Swahili, Turkish, Tatar, Ukrainian, Urdu, Uzbek, and Chinese
- **Site Link Count**: 45

### Visual Documentation

Available imagery includes:
- Street view photograph: Street_view,_Kozan_-_Adana_01.JPG
- Locator map: Adana_location_Kozan.svg

### Categories and Classification

The entity maintains structured categorisation:
- **Topic's Main Category**: Category:Kozan, Adana
- **Category for People Born Here**: Q22916347
- **Category for People Who Died Here**: Q64115508

## References

1. [Source](http://postakodu.ptt.gov.tr/)
2. [Source](https://www.lexpera.com.tr/resmi-gazete/metin/gun-isigindan-daha-fazla-yararlanmak-amaciyla-butun-yurtta-uygulanan-ileri-saat-uygulamasinin-devam-3)
3. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
4. [Source](http://web.archive.org/web/20170304141653/http://rapory.tuik.gov.tr/04-03-2017-16:55:49-128371679917926812611102978783.html)
5. GeoNames
6. [Source](https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/tr.htm)
7. [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/places/inaturalist-places.csv.zip)
8. museum-digital