# Kosmos 391

> Soviet satellite

**Wikidata**: [Q53527](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53527)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_391)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/kosmos-391

## Summary
Kosmos 391 is a Soviet DS-P1-I–type radar calibration satellite (also catalogued as DS-P1-I No.11) launched on 14 January 1971. It was built by the Pivdenne Design Office and launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133 aboard a Kosmos-2I carrier rocket.

## Key Facts
- Kosmos 391 is an instance of the DS-P1-I class, a model of Soviet radar calibration satellite.  
- Alternate name: DS-P1-I No.11.  
- COSPAR identifier: 1971-002A.  
- Launch date and time: 1971-01-14 at 12:00:00 (significant event recorded).  
- Launch site: Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133.  
- Launch vehicle: Kosmos-2I (Soviet carrier rocket).  
- Manufacturer: Pivdenne Design Office.  
- Spacecraft catalog number (scn): 04847.  
- Freebase identifier: /m/064pcpt.  
- Wolfram Language entity code: Entity["Satellite", "04847"].

## FAQs
### Q: What is Kosmos 391?
A: Kosmos 391 is a Soviet satellite of the DS-P1-I series, used as a radar calibration target. It was launched on 14 January 1971 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133.

### Q: When and how was Kosmos 391 launched?
A: Kosmos 391 was launched on 1971-01-14 at 12:00:00 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133 aboard a Kosmos-2I carrier rocket.

### Q: Who built Kosmos 391?
A: The satellite was manufactured by the Pivdenne Design Office.

### Q: Under what identifiers is Kosmos 391 catalogued?
A: Kosmos 391 is catalogued with COSPAR ID 1971-002A and SCN 04847; it is also listed in Freebase as /m/064pcpt.

## Why It Matters
Kosmos 391 represents a concrete example of the DS-P1-I series, a class of Soviet satellites designed to serve as radar calibration targets. Such satellites provided predictable, controlled radar returns for ground-based systems, enabling calibration, testing, and validation of radar tracking and measurement capabilities. As a manufactured unit by the Pivdenne Design Office and launched on a Kosmos-2I rocket from Plesetsk, Kosmos 391 illustrates the integration of Soviet design, production, and launch infrastructure in the early 1970s. Its recorded identifiers (COSPAR 1971-002A, SCN 04847) and the formal record of its launch event contribute to spaceflight archives and allow researchers to place it precisely in timelines of satellite deployments. For historians and analysts of space systems, Kosmos 391 helps document the operational use of dedicated calibration satellites within broader military and civil programs of the period. Its inclusion in public data sets (Freebase, Wolfram Language) ensures continued discoverability in contemporary research and reference systems.

## Notable For
- Being an instance of the DS-P1-I class, explicitly identified as DS-P1-I No.11.  
- Launch date and recorded launch-time event: 1971-01-14 at 12:00:00 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133.  
- Manufactured by the Pivdenne Design Office.  
- Launch vehicle was the Kosmos-2I carrier rocket.  
- Official catalog identifiers: COSPAR 1971-002A and SCN 04847.

## Body
### Identity and classification
- Name: Kosmos 391.  
- Alias: DS-P1-I No.11.  
- Instance of: DS-P1-I class.  
- Class description (from source): model of Soviet radar calibration satellite.  
- Wikidata description: Soviet satellite.

### Launch details
- Launch date: 1971-01-14.  
- Recorded significant event: rocket launch on 1971-01-14 at 12:00:00.  
- Launch site: Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133.  
- Launch vehicle: Kosmos-2I (Soviet carrier rocket).

### Manufacturer and production
- Manufacturer: Pivdenne Design Office.  
- Instance number within its series: No.11 (as denoted by alias DS-P1-I No.11).

### Identifiers and database entries
- COSPAR ID: 1971-002A.  
- Spacecraft catalog number (SCN): 04847.  
- Freebase ID: /m/064pcpt.  
- Wolfram Language entity code: Entity["Satellite", "04847"].  
- Wikipedia title recorded: Kosmos 391.  
- Wikipedia language entries include: en, es, gl, hu, mk, sh, sr.

### Program and related classes
- Related satellite class: DS-P1-I (radar calibration satellite model).  
- Associated launch vehicle class: Kosmos-2I (used as the carrier rocket for the launch).

### Records and references
- Sitlink count (Wikidata): 7.  
- Structured data references record the launch and classification details tied to archival identifiers (COSPAR, SCN, Freebase, Wolfram).

(End of entry.)

## References

1. Jonathan's Space Report
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013