# Kingdom of Nepal

> sovereign monarchy in South Asia, lasting from 1768–2008

**Wikidata**: [Q1078602](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078602)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/kingdom-of-nepal

## Summary
The **Kingdom of Nepal** was a sovereign monarchy in South Asia that existed from **1768 to 2008**. It was ruled by the **Shah dynasty** and served as the predecessor to the modern Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The kingdom was characterized by its unique political structure, cultural heritage, and historical significance in the region.

## Key Facts
- **Existence Period**: 1768–2008
- **Type of Government**: Sovereign monarchy
- **Dynasty**: Shah dynasty (ruled from 1768 to 2008)
- **Preceded by**: Gorkha Kingdom (1559–1768)
- **Replaced by**: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (established 2008)
- **Capital**: Kathmandu
- **Official Language**: Nepali
- **Currency**: Nepalese mohar (17th–20th centuries), Nepalese rupee (modern)
- **Coordinates**: 27.7°N, 85.3167°E
- **Instance of**: Former country, sovereign state
- **Member of**: United Nations (as Nepal)
- **Dissolution Date**: May 28, 2008
- **Inception Date**: September 25, 1768
- **Sitelink Count**: 38 (Wikidata)
- **Wikipedia Title**: "Kingdom of Nepal"
- **Aliases**: Kingdom of Gorkha, Gorkha Empire, Nepal
- **Flag**: Flag of Nepal (1743–1962), Flag of Nepal (modern)
- **Coat of Arms**: Coat of arms of Nepal (1962–2008)
- **Anthem**: *Sayaun Thunga Phulka* (modern), *Rastriya Gaan* (former)
- **Motto**: "Mother and Motherland are Greater than Heaven"
- **Demonym**: Nepalese, Nepali, nepáli, Nepalano, Nepalänan, etc.
- **Culture**: Culture of Nepal
- **Related Dynasties**: Thapa dynasty, Pande dynasty (noble Chhetri dynasties of Gorkha Kingdom)
- **Notable Rulers**: Prithvi Narayan Shah (founder), Gyanendra of Nepal (last king)
- **Political Parties**: Multiple communist parties operated within the kingdom, including:
  - Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) (1991–2005)
  - Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) (1979–1991)
  - Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) (1968–1991)
  - Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) (1979–2005)
  - Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre) (founded 2005)
- **Economic Data**:
  - GDP (2021): $36.9 billion USD
  - GDP (2022): $40.8 billion USD
  - Population (2022): 23,994,819
  - Area: 147,181.25 km²
- **Identifiers**:
  - VIAF ID: 138363788
  - GND ID: 4041612-4
  - Freebase ID: /m/0154_q
  - HDS ID: 003422
  - Lex ID: Nepal
  - NSK ID: 981005758584109366
  - YSA ID: Y107682
  - YSO ID: 107682
  - Wikidata ID: Q3332217

## FAQs
**What was the Kingdom of Nepal?**
The Kingdom of Nepal was a sovereign monarchy in South Asia that existed from 1768 to 2008. It was ruled by the Shah dynasty and served as the predecessor to the modern Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.

**When was the Kingdom of Nepal established and dissolved?**
The kingdom was established on **September 25, 1768**, and dissolved on **May 28, 2008**, when Nepal transitioned to a federal democratic republic.

**Who ruled the Kingdom of Nepal?**
The kingdom was ruled by the **Shah dynasty**, with notable rulers including **Prithvi Narayan Shah** (founder) and **Gyanendra of Nepal** (last king).

**What was the capital of the Kingdom of Nepal?**
The capital was **Kathmandu**, which remains the capital of modern Nepal.

**What political parties operated in the Kingdom of Nepal?**
Several communist parties operated within the kingdom, including:
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)** (1991–2005)
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic)** (1979–1991)
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)** (1968–1991)
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)** (1979–2005)
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)** (founded 2005)

**What was the economy of the Kingdom of Nepal like?**
The kingdom had a developing economy with a GDP of **$36.9 billion USD in 2021** and **$40.8 billion USD in 2022**. The population in 2022 was **23,994,819**, and the area was **147,181.25 km²**.

**What were the symbols of the Kingdom of Nepal?**
The kingdom had distinct symbols, including:
- **Flag**: Flag of Nepal (1743–1962) and the modern Flag of Nepal
- **Coat of Arms**: Coat of arms of Nepal (1962–2008)
- **Anthem**: *Sayaun Thunga Phulka* (modern) and *Rastriya Gaan* (former)
- **Motto**: "Mother and Motherland are Greater than Heaven"

**What dynasties were associated with the Kingdom of Nepal?**
The **Shah dynasty** ruled the kingdom from 1768 to 2008. Other notable dynasties included the **Thapa dynasty** and **Pande dynasty**, which were noble Chhetri dynasties of the Gorkha Kingdom.

**What was the role of the Kingdom of Nepal in international organizations?**
The kingdom was a member of the **United Nations** (as Nepal) and participated in various international forums.

## Why It Matters
The Kingdom of Nepal played a crucial role in shaping the political, cultural, and historical landscape of South Asia. As a sovereign monarchy, it served as a bridge between traditional governance and modern democratic structures. The kingdom's dissolution in 2008 marked a significant transition to a federal democratic republic, reflecting broader global trends toward democratization. The political parties that operated within the kingdom, particularly the communist factions, influenced Nepal's modern political ideology and governance. The kingdom's unique symbols, such as its flag and anthem, continue to be integral to Nepal's national identity. Understanding the Kingdom of Nepal is essential for comprehending the evolution of Nepalese politics, culture, and society.

## Notable For
- **Longest-Ruling Dynasty**: The Shah dynasty ruled the kingdom for **240 years** (1768–2008).
- **Unique Political Structure**: The kingdom transitioned from a monarchy to a federal democratic republic in 2008.
- **Cultural Heritage**: The kingdom preserved and promoted Nepalese culture, including its language, traditions, and symbols.
- **Political Parties**: Hosted multiple communist parties that shaped Nepal's modern political landscape.
- **Historical Significance**: Served as a precursor to the modern Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
- **Distinct Symbols**: The kingdom had unique national symbols, including its flag, coat of arms, and anthem.
- **International Membership**: The kingdom was a member of the United Nations, contributing to global diplomacy.

## Body

### **History and Establishment**
The **Kingdom of Nepal** was established on **September 25, 1768**, following the unification of Nepal by **Prithvi Narayan Shah**. The kingdom succeeded the **Gorkha Kingdom** (1559–1768) and was ruled by the **Shah dynasty** until its dissolution on **May 28, 2008**. The kingdom played a pivotal role in consolidating the diverse regions of Nepal under a single monarchy.

### **Government and Political Structure**
The kingdom was a **sovereign monarchy** with a centralized government based in **Kathmandu**. The **Shah dynasty** held executive power, while various political parties, including communist factions, influenced legislative processes. Notable political parties included:
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)** (1991–2005)
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic)** (1979–1991)
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)** (1968–1991)
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)** (1979–2005)
- **Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)** (founded 2005)

### **Economy and Demographics**
The kingdom had a developing economy with a **GDP of $36.9 billion USD in 2021** and **$40.8 billion USD in 2022**. The population in 2022 was **23,994,819**, and the area was **147,181.25 km²**. The kingdom used the **Nepalese mohar** (17th–20th centuries) and later the **Nepalese rupee** as its currency.

### **Culture and Symbols**
The kingdom had a rich cultural heritage, including:
- **Official Language**: Nepali
- **Flag**: Flag of Nepal (1743–1962) and the modern Flag of Nepal
- **Coat of Arms**: Coat of arms of Nepal (1962–2008)
- **Anthem**: *Sayaun Thunga Phulka* (modern) and *Rastriya Gaan* (former)
- **Motto**: "Mother and Motherland are Greater than Heaven"
- **Demonym**: Nepalese, Nepali, nepáli, Nepalano, Nepalänan, etc.

### **Dynasties and Rulers**
The **Shah dynasty** ruled the kingdom from 1768 to 2008. Notable rulers included:
- **Prithvi Narayan Shah** (founder)
- **Gyanendra of Nepal** (last king)
Other influential dynasties included the **Thapa dynasty** and **Pande dynasty**, which were noble Chhetri dynasties of the Gorkha Kingdom.

### **International Relations**
The kingdom was a member of the **United Nations** (as Nepal) and participated in various international forums. It maintained diplomatic relations with neighboring countries and global powers.

### **Dissolution and Legacy**
The kingdom was dissolved on **May 28, 2008**, marking the transition to the **Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal**. The dissolution reflected broader global trends toward democratization and had a lasting impact on Nepal's political and social structures.

### **Identifiers and References**
The kingdom is cataloged in various knowledge bases with the following identifiers:
- **VIAF ID**: 138363788
- **GND ID**: 4041612-4
- **Freebase ID**: /m/0154_q
- **HDS ID**: 003422
- **Lex ID**: Nepal
- **NSK ID**: 981005758584109366
- **YSA ID**: Y107682
- **YSO ID**: 107682
- **Wikidata ID**: Q3332217

### **Related Entities**
The kingdom is associated with various entities, including:
- **Political Parties**: Multiple communist parties operated within the kingdom.
- **Dynasties**: Thapa dynasty, Pande dynasty.
- **Notable Figures**: Prithvi Narayan Shah, Gyanendra of Nepal.
- **Symbols**: Flag, coat of arms, anthem, motto.
- **Economic Data**: GDP, population, area, currency.

## References

1. Virtual International Authority File
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
3. Quora