# Kingdom of Denmark

> transcontinental sovereign state and constitutional monarchy

**Wikidata**: [Q756617](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756617)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Realm)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/kingdom-of-denmark

## Summary
The Kingdom of Denmark is a transcontinental sovereign state and constitutional monarchy. It is composed of three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands, exercising the highest authority over its territory.

## Key Facts
*   The Kingdom of Denmark is a transcontinental sovereign state and constitutional monarchy.
*   It encompasses an area of 2,220,930 square kilometers.
*   As of January 1, 2020, its population was 5,930,987.
*   The capital of the Kingdom of Denmark is Copenhagen.
*   Its inception is circa 965.
*   The current head of state is Frederik X of Denmark, who began his reign on January 14, 2024.
*   The head of government is Mette Frederiksen, who has served since June 27, 2019.
*   The official languages include Danish (for Denmark), Faroese (for the Faroe Islands), and Greenlandic (for Greenland).
*   The primary currency is the Danish krone, also used in Greenland, while the Faroese króna is used in the Faroe Islands.
*   The highest point is Gunnbjørn Fjeld, at 3,694 meters, and the lowest point is Lammefjord, at -7.5 meters.
*   In 2021, its Human Development Index (HDI) was 0.948, and its Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) was 0.898.
*   It is a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO, the Arctic Council, and the Schengen Area.

## FAQs

**What is the Kingdom of Denmark?**
The Kingdom of Denmark is a transcontinental sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy. It is a unitary state that includes three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.

**What are the constituent countries of the Kingdom of Denmark?**
The Kingdom of Denmark is comprised of Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. These parts contribute to its transcontinental nature, with Denmark and the Faroe Islands located in Europe, and Greenland in North America.

**What is the capital city of the Kingdom of Denmark?**
The capital city of the Kingdom of Denmark is Copenhagen.

**What is the population and area of the Kingdom of Denmark?**
The Kingdom of Denmark has a total area of 2,220,930 square kilometers. Its population was recorded as 5,930,987 people as of January 1, 2020.

**What are the official languages spoken in the Kingdom of Denmark?**
The official languages vary by constituent country: Danish is official in Denmark, Faroese is official in the Faroe Islands, and Greenlandic is official in Greenland. Other languages used include Inuktun, Tunumiisut, and German.

**Who are the current head of state and head of government?**
The current head of state is Frederik X of Denmark, who ascended to the throne on January 14, 2024. The head of government is Mette Frederiksen, who has served as Prime Minister since June 27, 2019.

**What currencies are used within the Kingdom of Denmark?**
The Danish krone is used in Denmark and Greenland. The Faroese króna is used in the Faroe Islands.

**What international organizations is the Kingdom of Denmark a member of?**
The Kingdom of Denmark is a member of a wide array of international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO, the Arctic Council, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Council of Europe, the European Space Agency, the World Trade Organization, the Schengen Area, and Interpol, among many others.

**Which countries does the Kingdom of Denmark share borders with?**
The Kingdom of Denmark shares borders with Germany, Sweden, Norway, the United Kingdom, Poland, Iceland, and Canada. Historically, it also shared borders with the European Union (until 1972) and West Germany (until 1990).

**What are the geographical extremes and notable features of the Kingdom of Denmark?**
The highest point in the Kingdom is Gunnbjørn Fjeld at 3,694 meters, and its lowest point is Lammefjord at -7.5 meters. Its northernmost point is at 83.67° N, -31.62° E, its southernmost point is at 54.55917° N, 11.96947° E, its easternmost point is at 55.3187° N, 15.19743° E, and its westernmost point is located at the Carey Islands (76.71666667° N, -72.83333333° E). It is located in the Atlantic Ocean, with parts in the Arctic, North Atlantic Ocean, and Scandinavia, and is next to bodies of water such as the Arctic Ocean, North Sea, and Baltic Sea.

**What are the national symbols of the Kingdom of Denmark?**
The national flag is the flag of Denmark, which has been in use as a national, civil flag, and ensign since June 15, 1219. The national anthem is "Der er et yndigt land," while "Kong Christian stod ved højen mast" serves as the royal anthem. The national coat of arms is the coat of arms of Denmark.

**What is the Human Development Index (HDI) for the Kingdom of Denmark?**
In 2021, the Human Development Index (HDI) for the Kingdom of Denmark was 0.948. Its Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) for the same year was 0.898.

## Why It Matters

The Kingdom of Denmark holds significant global relevance as a transcontinental sovereign state and constitutional monarchy. Its unique structure, comprising Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands, positions it across both Europe and North America, influencing Arctic affairs and North Atlantic geopolitics. As a long-standing constitutional monarchy with an inception dating back to circa 965, it represents a stable and enduring form of governance. Its active membership in key international bodies like the United Nations, NATO, and the Arctic Council underscores its commitment to global cooperation, security, and environmental stewardship. The Kingdom's high Human Development Index consistently reflects its advanced social welfare, economic stability, and quality of life, making it a model for sustainable development and democratic governance.

## Notable For

*   Being a transcontinental sovereign state, with constituent countries located in both Europe (Denmark, Faroe Islands) and North America (Greenland).
*   Its status as a constitutional monarchy, with a continuous monarchical tradition dating back to circa 965.
*   Having one of the world's highest Human Development Index (HDI) values, reflecting high standards of living and social development.
*   Its unique political structure, where the constituent countries of Greenland and the Faroe Islands possess significant autonomy.
*   Its national flag, the Dannebrog, which is one of the oldest continuously used national flags in the world, dating back to 1219.
*   Playing a crucial role in Arctic governance through its membership in the Arctic Council, particularly due to Greenland's vast Arctic territory.
*   Its extensive network of diplomatic relations, maintaining ties with a vast number of countries across all continents.

## Body

### Overview and Structure
The Kingdom of Denmark is defined as a transcontinental sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy. It is classified as a sovereign state, a constitutional monarchy, a kingdom, a colonial power, a unitary state, a realm, and a transcontinental country. Its inception is noted as circa 965. The entity is also known by various aliases including Realm of Denmark, Denmark, Danmarks Rige, Danmarkar Ríki, Danmarkip Naalagaaffik, Kongeriget Danmark, Kongsríki Danmarkar, Kunngeqarfik Danmarki, Danish Commonwealth, Danish Realm, royaume du Danemark, Danemark, royaume de Danemark, Dänemark, 丹麦王国, Королевство Дании, Дания, and Королевство Дания. Its official names include Kongeriget Danmark, Taani Kuningriik, Kingdom of Denmark, Kunngeqarfik Danmarki, Kongsríki Danmark, Dán Királyság, and Kinnekräich Dänemark. The preferred native label is Kongeriget Danmark, with an associated audio pronunciation. The Kingdom of Denmark is composed of three constituent administrative territorial entities: Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. It is distinct from "Denmark" as a separate entity.

### Geography and Demographics
The Kingdom of Denmark spans an area of 2,220,930 square kilometers. As of January 1, 2020, its population was 5,930,987. The capital city is Copenhagen. Geographically, the Kingdom is located in the Atlantic Ocean. Its constituent parts are situated across different continents: Denmark and the Faroe Islands are primarily in Europe, while Greenland is in North America. Specific geographical features include its location in the Arctic (Greenland), North Atlantic Ocean (Faroe Islands, Greenland), and Scandinavia (Denmark). It is located in or next to various bodies of water, including the Arctic Ocean, Nares Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Labrador Sea, Fram Strait, Greenland Sea, Denmark Strait, Irminger Sea, Norwegian Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, and Baltic Sea.

The highest point in the Kingdom is Gunnbjørn Fjeld, reaching an elevation of 3,694 meters. The lowest point is Lammefjord, at -7.5 meters below sea level.
Geographical coordinates for its parts include:
*   Denmark: 56° N, 10° E
*   Greenland: 72° N, -40° E
*   Faroe Islands: 61.97° N, -6.8444444444444° E

The coordinates of its easternmost point are 55.3187° N, 15.19743° E. The westernmost point is at the Carey Islands, 76.71666667° N, -72.83333333° E. The northernmost point is at 83.67° N, -31.62° E, and the southernmost point is at 54.55917° N, 11.96947° E.
The demographics of the Kingdom of Denmark are a specific topic of study. Ethnic groups within the Kingdom include Danes, Faroese, and Kalaallit.

### Government and Politics
The basic forms of government for the Kingdom of Denmark are a unitary state, a constitutional monarchy, and a parliamentary monarchy. The head of state is the monarch of Denmark. As of January 14, 2024, Frederik X of Denmark holds this position. Prior to this, Margrethe II of Denmark served as queen regnant and monarch from January 14, 1972, until January 14, 2024. The head of government is the Prime Minister of Denmark, currently Mette Frederiksen, who has been in office since June 27, 2019.
The legislative body is the Folketing. The executive body consists of the Government of Denmark and the Danish Council of State. The highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court of Denmark. The main regulatory text governing the Kingdom is the constitution of Denmark. The Kingdom is characterized as a free country, according to Freedom in the World.

### Economy and Infrastructure
The currency used in Denmark and Greenland is the Danish krone, while the Faroese króna is used in the Faroe Islands. The central bank is Danmarks Nationalbank. The Kingdom of Denmark owns several key entities, including Christiansborg Palace, DSB, Banedanmark, Energinet, DR, TV 2 Danmark, PostNord, and the Royal Mint of Denmark. The driving side in the Kingdom is on the right. The top-level internet domain is .dk. Telephone country codes are +45 for Denmark, +298 for the Faroe Islands, and +299 for Greenland. The emergency phone number is 112. The aircraft registration prefix is OY. The economy of the Kingdom of Denmark is a dedicated topic.

### Culture and Society
The culture of the Kingdom of Denmark is a distinct area of study. A public holiday observed is Yule. Demonyms for its people include Danes, dane, Danois (masculine), Danoise (feminine), danskit (plural), danskeq (singular), דני (masculine), דנית (feminine), danezo (masculine singular), danezi (masculine plural), daneza (feminine singular), daneze (feminine plural), and dán. The adjective form is Danish.
Languages used across the Kingdom include Greenlandic, Kalaallisut, Inuktun, Tunumiisut, Faroese, Danish, and German. Official languages are Danish for Denmark, Faroese for the Faroe Islands, and Greenlandic for Greenland.
The national anthem is "Der er et yndigt land," and the royal anthem is "Kong Christian stod ved højen mast." The flag of Denmark, dating from June 15, 1219, is the national, civil flag, and ensign. A state flag and ensign image is also provided, with an end date of July 16, 1788. The national coat of arms is the coat of arms of Denmark.

### International Relations and Memberships
The Kingdom of Denmark is a member of a wide array of international organizations. These include the Movement Coordination Centre Europe, International Hydrographic Organization, International Energy Agency, Arctic Council (applying to Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland), United Nations (since October 24, 1945), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Council of Europe, European Space Agency, World Trade Organization (since January 1, 1995), European Southern Observatory (since 1967), Council of the Baltic Sea States, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (since June 25, 1973), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (since November 30, 1960), International Development Association (since November 30, 1960), International Finance Corporation (since July 20, 1956), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (since April 12, 1988), International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (since May 24, 1968), African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank (since 1966), Australia Group (since 1985), European Payments Union, Eurocontrol (since 1994), Treaty on Open Skies, Missile Technology Control Regime (since 1990), Interpol (founder member since September 7, 1923), Nuclear Suppliers Group, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (since April 29, 1997), UNESCO (since November 4, 1946), Group on Earth Observations, Universal Postal Union UPU, International Telecommunication Union (since January 1, 1866), Schengen Area (applying to Denmark since March 25, 2001), Carbon Neutrality Coalition, Visa Waiver Program (since 1991), World Meteorological Organization (since July 10, 1951), World Health Organization, Barents Euro-Arctic Council, and NATO (since April 4, 1949).

The Kingdom shares borders with Germany, Sweden, Norway, the United Kingdom, Poland, Iceland, and Canada. Historically, it also shared borders with the European Union (March 25, 1957 - December 31, 1972) and West Germany (May 23, 1949 - October 2, 1990).
It maintains diplomatic relations with a vast number of countries globally, including specific relations with the Faroe Islands (via the Danish High Commissioner) and Greenland (via the High Commissioner of Greenland). Other notable diplomatic relations include those with Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, European Union, Finland, France, Georgia (since July 1, 1992), Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Kingdom of the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine (since February 12, 1992), United Kingdom, Vatican City, and many others across Africa, Asia, Oceania, North America, and South America.
Timezones observed include UTC+01:00, UTC±00:00, UTC−01:00, UTC−02:00, UTC−03:00, UTC−04:00. Specifically, Central European Time applies to Denmark, and Western European Time applies to the Faroe Islands and Greenland, with Greenland also observing the Atlantic Time Zone.

### Historical Context
The inception of the Kingdom of Denmark is circa 965. Its history is extensively documented, with specific periods such as the history of Denmark (1536–1660), (1814-1848), (1848-1901), (1945-1990), and (1990-). The Kingdom was followed by and replaced by the Governorate of Iceland at some point.

### Digital Presence and Identifiers
The Kingdom of Denmark has a significant digital footprint. Its image is available at Kronborg_flygfoto_1,_2021.jpg. Flag images include the national flag (Flag_of_Denmark.svg) and a historical state flag (Flag_of_Denmark_(state).svg). The coat of arms image is National_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg. Locator map images are available, including a preferred orthographic projection.
It is associated with the hashtag #KingdomofDenmark. Its Wikipedia title is "Danish Realm," and it has a Commons category named "Kingdom of Denmark" (Category:Danish Realm). The Reddit topic ID is kingdom_of_denmark. Other identifiers include freebase_id: /m/04_1l2q, snarc_id: TogliattiAzot, interlingual_index_id: i82925, wordnet_3.1_synset_id: 08779077-n, openstreetmap_relation_id: 9112011, undp_country_code: DEN, insee_countries_and_foreign_territories_code: 99101, historical_gazetteer_(gov)_id: object_1328569, national_historical_museums_of_sweden_id: geo/3FD7AFC9-6CB0-46BE-8F9B-FA8A0CB6B019, store_id_google_play: riksfellesskabet_-_Danmark, eu_knowledge_graph_item_id: Metadentobunus, and jorfsearch_organization_id: Kingdom of Denmark.
It has a broad presence across Wikipedia in multiple languages, including af, ar, arz, ast, az, be, be_x_old, ca, ckb, cs, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, fa, fi, fo, fr, gv, he, hr, hu, hy, id, is, it, ja, kab, ko, lv, nl, no, pl, pt, ru, sco, simple, sq, sr, sv, sw, th, tr, uk, vi, wuu, zgh, and zh_yue. Audio pronunciations are available in Swedish and North Levantine Arabic. A spoken text audio in Danish is also provided. Unicode characters associated with the Kingdom are 🇩🇰, 🇫🇴, and 🇬🇱.
The Kingdom maintains open data portals through Open Data DK, Statistics Denmark, Statistics Faroe Islands, and Statistics Greenland. It is covered by a Wikimedia outline of Denmark, and has a category for maps or plans. Associated people categories include Category:Births in Denmark, Category:Deaths in Denmark, and Category:Danish people. Its main Wikimedia portal is Portal:Denmark.

### Human Development
The Human Development Index (HDI) for the Kingdom of Denmark has shown consistent growth: 0.834 (1990), 0.838 (1991), 0.841 (1992), 0.844 (1993), 0.851 (1994), 0.854 (1995), 0.862 (1996), 0.869 (1997), 0.876 (1998), 0.886 (1999), 0.889 (2000), 0.895 (2001), 0.896 (2002), 0.901 (2003), 0.906 (2004), 0.911 (2005), 0.910 (2006), 0.911 (2007), 0.915 (2008), 0.909 (2009), 0.913 (2010), 0.926 (2011), 0.931 (2012), 0.933 (2013), 0.932 (2014), 0.936 (2015), 0.943 (2016), 0.944 (2017), 0.942 (2018), 0.946 (2019), 0.947 (2020), and 0.948 (2021).
The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) also reflects high development: 0.858 (2010), 0.863 (2011), 0.864 (2012), 0.872 (2013), 0.863 (2014), 0.872 (2015), 0.882 (2016), 0.886 (2017), 0.887 (2018), 0.892 (2019), 0.896 (2020), and 0.898 (2021).

## References

1. Faroe Islands Home Rule Act
2. Greenland Self-Government Act
3. [Source](https://lingualibre.org/wiki/Q823225)
4. [Movement Coordination Centre Europe](http://mcce-mil.com/wp-content/uploads/glance/MCCE-AT-A-Glance-September-2017.pdf)
5. [Source](http://mcce-mil.com/wp-content/uploads/glance/MCCE-AT-A-Glance-September-2017.pdf)
6. [International Hydrographic Organization](https://www.iho.int/srv1/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=452&lang=en)
7. [International Energy Agency](https://www.iea.org/countries/membercountries/)
8. [Interpol](https://www.interpol.int/Member-countries/World)
9. [Source](https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Europe/DENMARK)
10. [Nuclear Suppliers Group](http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/en/participants1)
11. [Source](https://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/)
12. [Source](https://www.opcw.org/about-us/member-states/denmark)
13. [Source](http://www.unesco.org/eri/cp/ListeMS_Indicators.asp)
14. [Source](http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.html)
15. [Source](https://www.itu.int/online/mm/scripts/gensel8)
16. [Source](https://www.touteleurope.eu/les-pays-membres-de-l-espace-schengen.html)
17. [Source](https://www.dhs.gov/visa-waiver-program-requirements)
18. [Source](https://public.wmo.int/en/members/denmark)
19. [Source](https://www.who.int/choice/demography/by_country/en/)
20. [Source](https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/content/resources/publications/NCNK_Issue_Brief_DPRK_Diplomatic_Relations.pdf)
21. [Human Development Report. 2022](https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI)
22. [Source](https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-valg/befolkning-og-befolkningsfremskrivning)
23. [Source](https://countrycodebase.com/undp/)
24. [Human Development Report. 2022](https://hdr.undp.org/inequality-adjusted-human-development-index\#/indicies/IHDI)