# Kingdom of Aragon

> medieval and early modern kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula (1035-1707)

**Wikidata**: [Q199442](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199442)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/kingdom-of-aragon

## Summary
The Kingdom of Aragon was a medieval and early modern sovereign state in the Iberian Peninsula that existed from 1035 to 1707. It was a key component of the Crown of Aragon, which also included the Principality of Catalonia, the Kingdom of Valencia, and the Kingdom of Majorca. The kingdom was located in northeastern Spain and played a significant role in the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.

## Key Facts
- **Inception**: 1035
- **Dissolved**: 29 June 1707
- **Coordinates**: Latitude 41.65, Longitude -0.9
- **Classification**: Historical country, kingdom, sovereign state, administrative territorial entity of Spain
- **Part of**: Crown of Aragon (1162–1716)
- **Contains**: Crown of Aragon (1162–1716)
- **Located in**: Spain
- **Preceded by**: County of Aragon (802–1035)
- **Succeeded by**: Spain (1715)
- **Capital**: Zaragoza (from 1118)
- **Language**: Latin
- **Notable cities**: Jaca, Huesca, Zaragoza
- **Notable figures**: Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona, Sancho Ramírez, Ramiro I of Aragon, Ferdinand I of Aragon, Eleanor of Castile, Violant of Hungary
- **Notable works**: *Pastorale*, *Psalterium alias Laudatorium*, *Llibre dels àngels*, *Vida de Jesucrist*
- **Notable institutions**: Order of the Ermine, Justicia of Aragon, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza

## FAQs
- **What was the Kingdom of Aragon's role in the Reconquista?** The Kingdom of Aragon played a crucial role in the Reconquista, particularly in the Battle of Alcoraz (1263), which marked a significant victory over the Almohad Caliphate.
- **Who were the key rulers of the Kingdom of Aragon?** Key rulers included Peter I, Sancho Ramírez, Ramiro I, Ferdinand I, and Eleanor of Castile.
- **What was the relationship between the Kingdom of Aragon and the Crown of Aragon?** The Kingdom of Aragon was a founding member of the Crown of Aragon, which also included Catalonia, Valencia, and Majorca.
- **What were the major cities of the Kingdom of Aragon?** Major cities included Jaca, Huesca, and Zaragoza.
- **What languages were spoken in the Kingdom of Aragon?** Latin was the primary language, though regional dialects and languages also existed.
- **What were the notable cultural contributions of the Kingdom of Aragon?** Notable contributions include literary works such as *Pastorale*, *Psalterium alias Laudatorium*, and *Llibre dels àngels*, as well as the establishment of institutions like the Order of the Ermine and the Justicia of Aragon.

## Why It Matters
The Kingdom of Aragon was a significant player in the medieval Iberian Peninsula, contributing to the Reconquista and shaping the political and cultural landscape of the region. Its role in the Crown of Aragon and its cultural achievements, such as literary works and institutional developments, have left a lasting legacy. The kingdom's dissolution in 1707 marked the end of an era but also paved the way for the unification of Spain under the Bourbon dynasty.

## Notable For
- **Military achievements**: Victory at the Battle of Alcoraz (1263) against the Almohad Caliphate.
- **Cultural contributions**: Literary works by Francesc Eiximenis, including *Pastorale* and *Psalterium alias Laudatorium*.
- **Institutional innovations**: Establishment of the Justicia of Aragon and the Order of the Ermine.
- **Political significance**: Founding member of the Crown of Aragon, which later became a key component of Spain.

## Body
### History
The Kingdom of Aragon was established in 1035, succeeding the County of Aragon. It played a pivotal role in the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule. Key events include the Battle of Alcoraz (1263), a significant victory over the Almohad Caliphate, and the conquest of Zaragoza in 1118. The kingdom was a founding member of the Crown of Aragon, which also included Catalonia, Valencia, and Majorca.

### Geography
The Kingdom of Aragon was located in northeastern Spain, with major cities including Jaca, Huesca, and Zaragoza. It was bordered by the County of Sobrarbe, the County of Ribagorza, and the Almohad Caliphate. The kingdom's territory included the Lordship of Albarracin and the Marquisate of Oristano.

### Government and Administration
The Kingdom of Aragon was governed by a sovereign state structure, with administrative territorial entities such as the Justicia of Aragon and the sobrecollida. The kingdom's legal authority was held by institutions like the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza and the Order of the Ermine.

### Notable Figures
Key figures in the Kingdom of Aragon include:
- **Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona**: King of Aragon and Pamplona.
- **Sancho Ramírez**: King of Aragon and Pamplona.
- **Ramiro I of Aragon**: Aragonese king.
- **Ferdinand I of Aragon**: Aragonese king.
- **Eleanor of Castile**: Queen of Aragon and Roman Catholic Blessed.
- **Violant of Hungary**: Princess of Hungary, Queen consort of Aragon.

### Cultural Contributions
The Kingdom of Aragon made significant cultural contributions, including literary works by Francesc Eiximenis such as *Pastorale*, *Psalterium alias Laudatorium*, and *Llibre dels àngels*. Other notable works include *Vida de Jesucrist* and the establishment of institutions like the Order of the Ermine and the Justicia of Aragon.

### Economic and Social Life
The Kingdom of Aragon had a complex economic and social life, with institutions like the sobrecollida coordinating and supervising customs. The kingdom's economy included the production of coins and the use of the arroba as a unit of mass. The Fueros de Aragón, a set of ancient laws and customs, also played a significant role in the kingdom's governance.

### Legacy
The Kingdom of Aragon's legacy includes its role in the Reconquista, its cultural contributions, and its political significance as a founding member of the Crown of Aragon. Its dissolution in 1707 marked the end of an era but also paved the way for the unification of Spain under the Bourbon dynasty. The kingdom's institutions and cultural achievements continue to influence the region today.

## References

1. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
2. FactGrid