# Kering

> French business (1962-)

**Wikidata**: [Q931207](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931207)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kering)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/kering

## Summary
Kering is a French multinational corporation established in 1962 that operates as a global leader in the luxury goods sector, managing a portfolio of prestigious fashion, leather goods, jewelry, and watch brands. Headquartered in Paris, the company is owned by the holding group Groupe Artémis and is a major component of the CAC 40 and EURO STOXX 50 stock market indices. Under the leadership of François-Henri Pinault, Kering oversees a diverse ecosystem of subsidiaries including Gucci, Saint Laurent, and Bottega Veneta, employing tens of thousands of people worldwide.

## Key Facts
*   **Entity Classification:** Kering is a business and social entity established to meet commercial needs, specifically within the luxury good and retail industries.
*   **Inception:** The entity traces its origins to 1962, with specific founding dates recorded as 1955-01-01 and 1955-06-02 in historical records.
*   **Headquarters:** The company is based in Paris, France, within the country of France.
*   **Ownership Structure:** Kering is owned and operated by Groupe Artémis, a French holding company founded in 1990 and 1992.
*   **Stock Market Presence:** The company is listed on Euronext Paris and is a constituent of the CAC 40 (blue-chip index) and the EURO STOXX 50 (Eurozone index).
*   **Key Leadership:** François-Henri Pinault (born 1962) is the primary French businessman associated with the entity; his father, François Pinault, is the billionaire founder and art collector.
*   **Workforce:** The organization employs between 33,000 and 44,000 people globally, with specific recorded figures of 35,877.
*   **Financial Performance:** Annual revenue figures range from €9.7 billion to €27.3 billion across various reporting periods, with net profits fluctuating between €49.6 million and €3.7 billion.
*   **Aliases:** The entity is also known as PPR, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute, Établissements Pinault, Kering SA, Kering S.A., and KERING.
*   **Digital Presence:** Official websites include the main domain and localized versions for France, English, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese.
*   **Industry Scope:** Operations span luxury fashion, jewelry, footwear, watches, and previously included lumber and general retail sectors.

## FAQs
**What brands are owned by Kering?**
Kering manages a diverse portfolio of luxury houses including Gucci, Balenciaga, Bottega Veneta, Alexander McQueen, Yves Saint Laurent, Boucheron, Pomellato, Qeelin, Sergio Rossi, Ulysse Nardin, and Christopher Kane. The group also previously held interests in brands like Volcom, La Redoute, and Fnac.

**Who controls the ownership of Kering?**
The company is controlled by Groupe Artémis, a French holding company founded by the Pinault family. This ownership structure links Kering directly to the interests of François Pinault and his son, François-Henri Pinault.

**Where is Kering headquartered and what stock indices does it belong to?**
Kering is headquartered in Paris, France, and its shares are traded on the Euronext Paris exchange. It is a significant component of both the CAC 40, which tracks the 40 major French companies, and the EURO STOXX 50 index.

**What is the financial scale of Kering?**
The corporation generates substantial revenue, with historical figures reaching up to €27.3 billion, and reports net profits that have exceeded €3.6 billion in peak years. The company employs a workforce ranging from 33,000 to 44,000 individuals globally.

**How has Kering's business focus evolved over time?**
Originally involved in sectors such as lumber and general retail (including La Redoute and Fnac), the company pivoted to focus exclusively on the luxury goods market. It now specializes in high-end fashion, jewelry, and watches, divesting from its earlier non-luxury retail operations.

## Why It Matters
Kering represents a cornerstone of the global luxury economy, influencing market trends, employment, and cultural consumption across Europe and the world. As a parent company to some of the most recognizable fashion houses in history, such as Gucci and Saint Laurent, it drives significant economic activity and sets standards for the luxury industry. Its strategic shift from a diversified retail and lumber conglomerate to a pure-play luxury group demonstrates a successful adaptation to global market demands, securing its position as a major player in the CAC 40. Furthermore, its ownership by Groupe Artémis links it to one of France's most influential business dynasties, impacting art collecting and philanthropy through the Pinault family's extensive networks.

## Notable For
*   **Portfolio Diversity:** Managing a unique mix of heritage brands like Boucheron (founded 1858) and modern houses like Alexander McQueen (founded 1992) under a single corporate umbrella.
*   **Strategic Transformation:** Successfully transitioning from a generalist retailer and lumber business into a dominant luxury conglomerate.
*   **Market Index Inclusion:** Maintaining a stable position in major financial benchmarks like the CAC 40 and EURO STOXX 50.
*   **Global Reach:** Operating across multiple continents with localized web presences in China, Japan, Italy, and beyond.
*   **High-Value Assets:** Owning entities with significant employee counts, such as Gucci with over 20,000 staff and Fnac with over 26,000 employees (historically).
*   **Family Legacy:** Being the primary commercial vehicle for the Pinault family's business empire, founded by François Pinault and led by François-Henri Pinault.

## Body

### Corporate Identity and Origins
Kering is a French business entity established in 1962, though historical records also cite inception dates of January 1, 1955, and June 2, 1955. It functions as a social entity and business organization dedicated to commercial and industrial activities. The company is legally recognized under several aliases, including PPR (Pinault-Printemps-Redoute), Établissements Pinault, Kering SA, and Kering S.A. Its primary classification falls under the luxury good sector, though its historical scope included retail and lumber processing. The entity is headquartered in Paris, France, a city that serves as the capital and most populous urban center of the country.

### Ownership and Leadership
The corporation is owned and operated by Groupe Artémis, a French holding company established in 1990 and 1992. This holding company is based in Paris and operates within the holding industry. The leadership of Kering is closely tied to the Pinault family. François Pinault, a French billionaire businessman and art collector, is the patriarch associated with the entity's founding. His son, François-Henri Pinault, born in 1962, serves as a key French businessman and executive within the organization. Other affiliated individuals include Catherine Barbaroux, a French politician, and Luca de Meo, an Italian businessman, though their specific roles vary.

### Subsidiaries and Brand Portfolio
Kering's portfolio is extensive, comprising numerous luxury fashion houses, jewelry brands, and watchmakers.
*   **Gucci:** An Italian luxury fashion house based in Florence, founded in 1921, with over 20,711 employees.
*   **Yves Saint Laurent:** A French luxury fashion house founded in 1961, headquartered in Paris.
*   **Bottega Veneta:** An Italian fashion company founded in 1966, with 300 employees recorded in specific datasets.
*   **Balenciaga:** A French fashion house with inception dates ranging from 1917 to 1955, headquartered in Paris.
*   **Alexander McQueen:** A British luxury fashion house founded in 1992, based in London.
*   **Boucheron:** A French jewelry company founded in 1858, with a secondary incorporation date in 1984.
*   **Sergio Rossi:** An Italian women's footwear company founded in 1951.
*   **Pomellato:** An Italian jewelry company founded in 1967.
*   **Qeelin:** A Hong Kong-based fine jewelry company founded in 2004.
*   **Ulysse Nardin:** A Swiss watchmaker founded in 1846.
*   **Christopher Kane:** A Scottish fashion designer associated with the group.
*   **Volcom:** A brand focused on boardsports products, founded in 1991 in the United States.
*   **La Redoute:** A French mail order company founded in 1837.
*   **Fnac:** A French multinational electronics store chain founded in 1954, with 26,018 employees.

### Financial and Market Data
Kering is a publicly traded entity listed on Euronext Paris, a securities market established in 1724. It is a constituent of the CAC 40, a blue-chip index of 40 major French companies, and the EURO STOXX 50, a Eurozone stock market index. Financial records indicate a wide range of revenue figures, including €27.375 billion, €24.361 billion, €24.213 billion, and lower figures down to €9.736 billion. Net profit data shows fluctuations, with values such as €3.715 billion, €3.614 billion, €3.176 billion, and as low as €49.6 million in certain periods. The company employs between 33,000 and 44,000 people, with specific counts of 35,877 and 44,000 noted in different contexts.

### Historical Evolution and Sector Shifts
The entity's history reflects a significant shift in business focus. Originally involved in the lumber industry (processed wood into beams and planks) and general retail, Kering expanded into diverse sectors including mail order (La Redoute) and electronics retail (Fnac). Over time, the group divested from these non-luxury sectors to concentrate on the luxury goods market. This transition allowed it to acquire and manage high-value brands in fashion, jewelry, and watches. The group's evolution is marked by the acquisition of brands like Gucci and Saint Laurent, transforming it from a diversified conglomerate into a specialized luxury powerhouse.

### Geographic and Operational Scope
Kering operates globally, with its headquarters in Paris, France. Its subsidiaries are located in various countries, including Italy (Gucci, Bottega Veneta, Sergio Rossi, Pomellato), the United Kingdom (Alexander McQueen), Switzerland (Ulysse Nardin), Hong Kong (Qeelin), and the United States (Volcom). The company maintains a digital presence through multiple language-specific websites, including English, French, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese versions. The entity's operations are deeply integrated into the French economy, contributing to the CAC 40 and employing a significant portion of the French workforce through its various subsidiaries.

### Related Entities and Associations
The organization is linked to several other entities and organizations. It is related to the OTC Markets Group, an American financial market, and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. It has connections to Le Point, a French weekly news magazine. The entity is also associated with the EURO STOXX 50 and CAC 40 indices. Key people associated with the group include François Pinault, François-Henri Pinault, and Luca de Meo. The group's influence extends to the art world through the Pinault family's collecting activities.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.lobbyfacts.eu/datacard/kering?rid=465818716727-39)
2. [Group history. Kering](https://www.kering.com/en/group/culture-and-heritage/group-history/)
3. [Document financier 2023. 2024](https://www.kering.com/api/download-file/?path=Kering_Document_financier_2023_e44ac4f47b.pdf)
4. [data.gouv.fr](https://annuaire-entreprises.data.gouv.fr/dirigeants/552075020)
5. [Vogue. 2025](https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/companies/luca-de-meo-to-succeed-francois-henri-pinault-as-kering-ceo)
6. Vogue. 2025
7. Virtual International Authority File
8. [Source](https://fashionunited.fr/actualite/business/le-designer-christopher-kane-va-racheter-ses-parts-au-groupe-kering/2018062216054)
9. [Source](https://www.fusacq.com/buzz/la-cession-de-sowind-group-par-kering-est-finalisee-a227368_fr_)
10. [Source](https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kering-cede-volcom-a-authentic-brands-group,1085203.html)
11. [Source](https://www.europe1.fr/economie/Kering-cede-La-Redoute-a-ses-dirigeants-845172)
12. [Source](https://www.kering.com/fr/actualites/kering-annonce-la-cession-de-girard-perregaux-et-ulysse-nardin-a-leur-management/)
13. [Source](https://www.ginori1735.com/fr/fr/histoire?srsltid=AfmBOooIec8tksp6s1bz5lK4jeQ6LOQHd3GO2HlRgP1rbNjSBKFgHwXa)
14. [Source](https://www.journalduluxe.fr/fr/beaute/groupe-kering-division-beaute-raffaella-cornaggia)
15. [Source](https://www.challenges.fr/entreprise/kering-se-renforce-dans-la-joaillerie-avec-le-rachat-de-pomellato_9386)
16. [STOXX Changes Composition Of Blue-Chip Indices. 2018](https://qontigo.com/stoxx-changes-composition-of-blue-chip-indices/)
17. Google Knowledge Graph
18. [KERING. Euronext](https://live.euronext.com/en/product/equities/FR0000121485-XPAR)
19. SIRENE
20. [data.gouv.fr](https://annuaire-entreprises.data.gouv.fr/entreprise/552075020)
21. [National Industrial Property Institute](https://annuaire-entreprises.data.gouv.fr/entreprise/552075020)
22. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
23. [Source](https://amadeus.bvdinfo.com/version-2019829/)
24. Global LEI Index
25. [Source](http://km.aifb.kit.edu/services/crunchbase/)
26. [annual report. 2005](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/1f054ce7737541b6/original/Document-de-Reference-2004.pdf)
27. [annual report. 2006](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/294784443f7bb3a1/original/Document-de-Reference-2005.pdf)
28. [annual report. 2007](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/54afcf8d2d2271b3/original/Document-de-Reference-2006.pdf)
29. [annual report. 2008](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/166766107d832077/original/Document-de-reference-2007.pdf)
30. [annual report. 2009](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/5379411147ec6edc/original/Document-de-reference-2008.pdf)
31. [annual report. 2010](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/03a2921931a4ac68/original/Document-de-reference-2009.pdf)
32. [annual report. 2011](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/67d164355361a21c/original/Document-de-reference-2010.pdf)
33. [annual report. 2012](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/65340fb902efd1d2/original/Document-de-reference-2011.pdf)
34. [annual report. 2013](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/2cd78cc01a00ddfd/original/Document-de-reference-2012.pdf)
35. [annual report. 2014](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/45f28bdd502357b3/original/Document-de-reference-2013.pdf)
36. [annual report. 2015](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/02fa310407545919/original/Document-de-reference-2014.pdf)
37. [annual report. 2016](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/48ed3b65221b8cc3/original/Document-de-reference-2015.pdf)
38. [annual report. 2017](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/5acb70b22e4b211f/original/Document-de-reference-2016.pdf)
39. [annual report. 2018](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/7433cdfe7cae3a9a/original/Document-de-reference-2017.pdf)
40. [annual report. 2019](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/7f0469d8609c1bd5/original/Document-de-reference-2018.pdf)
41. [annual report. 2020](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/57dfbc35b542eba8/original/Document-d-enregistrement-universel-2019.pdf)
42. [annual report. 2021](https://keringcorporate.dam.kering.com/m/288339e59dca2b6b/original/Kering_Document_d_enregistrement_universel_2020.pdf)
43. [annual report. 2022](https://www.kering.com/assets/front/documents/Kering_Document_d_enregistrement_universel_2021.pdf)
44. [Document financier 2022. 2023](https://www.kering.com/assets/front/documents/KERING_DF_2022_FR.pdf)
45. [2020](https://www.gleif.org/content/4-lei-data/8-lei-mapping/1-download-bic-to-lei-relationship-files/bic_lei_gleif_v1_monthly_full_20200327.csv)
46. Quora
47. [Source](https://annuaire-entreprises.data.gouv.fr/entreprise/552075020)
48. [Source](https://golden.com/wiki/Kering-DZ99NA)
49. YouTube API
50. Wikirate