# Juba I

> king of Numidia

**Wikidata**: [Q379277](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379277)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/juba-i

## Summary
Juba I was a sovereign and king of the Amazigh (Berber) Kingdom of Numidia in North Africa, reigning during the late Roman Republic era. Born around 85 BCE, he is historically noted for his political alliance with Pompey the Great against Julius Caesar, a conflict that ultimately led to his death in 46 BCE. As a member of the Homo sapiens species and a unique historical figure, his life and rule are documented through numismatic evidence and academic identifiers spanning centuries.

## Biography
- **Born**: -0085-01-01T00:00:00Z (85 BCE)
- **Nationality**: Numidian (Citizenship: Q102679)
- **Education**: Not specified in source material
- **Known for**: Serving as the king of Numidia and leading military support for Pompey against Caesar
- **Employer(s)**: Kingdom of Numidia (as sovereign leader)
- **Field(s)**: Sovereignty, Monarchy, Military Leadership

## Contributions
Juba I's primary contributions are historical and political rather than modern academic or commercial outputs.
- **Political Alliance**: Led the Kingdom of Numidia in a military coalition supporting Pompey the Great against Julius Caesar during the Roman Civil War (circa 60–46 BCE).
- **Numismatic Legacy**: Issued the "Juba denarius," a coin minted in support of Pompey's campaign against Caesar, serving as a tangible historical record of his political stance.
- **Sovereign Leadership**: Ruled the Kingdom of Numidia, an Amazigh entity existing from 202 BC to 40 AD, maintaining its status as a distinct political power in North Africa during his tenure.

## FAQs
**Who was Juba I and what was his primary role?**
Juba I was a human sovereign who served as the king of the Kingdom of Numidia, an Amazigh kingdom located in North Africa. His primary role involved leading his nation's political and military strategies during the turbulent period of the Roman Civil War.

**How did Juba I die and when did his reign end?**
His reign and life concluded on -0046-01-01T00:00:00Z (46 BCE), marking the end of his rule over Numidia. This date coincides with the historical conflict where he supported Pompey against the forces of Julius Caesar.

**What evidence exists of Juba I's political alliances?**
Historical evidence includes the "Juba denarius," a coin explicitly minted to show support for Pompey against Caesar. Additionally, his life is cataloged in numerous academic databases and encyclopedias, such as Wikidata and various biographical archives.

**What is the historical context of the Kingdom of Numidia?**
The Kingdom of Numidia was an Amazigh (Berber) kingdom situated in North Africa that existed from 202 BC until 40 AD. Juba I was a key figure within this timeline, ruling during its later years before its eventual absorption into the Roman sphere.

## Why They Matter
Juba I matters because he represents a critical intersection of indigenous North African sovereignty and the expanding power of the Roman Republic. His decision to ally with Pompey against Caesar was a defining moment in the history of Numidia, demonstrating the kingdom's agency in Mediterranean geopolitics. Without his leadership, the specific political landscape of North Africa during the Roman Civil War would have lacked a major Berber counterweight to Caesar's influence. His legacy persists through the "Juba denarius," which serves as a primary source for understanding the economic and political messaging of Numidian kings. Furthermore, his identification across hundreds of digital sitelinks and academic records ensures that the history of the Amazigh people remains visible in global historical narratives.

## Notable For
- **Sovereign Title**: Held the title of King of Numidia, a unique role within the Homo sapiens species history.
- **Numismatic Artifact**: Creator of the "Juba denarius in support of Pompey against Cesar 60 46 BCE.jpg," a significant historical coin.
- **Historical Timeline**: Ruled during the specific inception and existence window of the Kingdom of Numidia (202 BC - 40 AD).
- **Academic Recognition**: Assigned unique identifiers across major databases, including ISNI (0000000357093001), VIAF (193834025), GND (1330407725), and BNF (073367354).
- **Digital Presence**: Maintains a presence on 34 different Wikipedia sitelinks and is categorized under the occupation Q2304859.
- **Wikidata Identity**: Recognized as instance_of Q5 (human) with the specific Wikidata ID Q2304859 (occupation) and Q102679 (citizenship).

## Body

### Early Life and Identity
Juba I was born on -0085-01-01T00:00:00Z, establishing his place in history as a member of the human species (Homo sapiens). He was a unique extant member of the genus Homo during his lifetime. His citizenship was tied to the Kingdom of Numidia, an Amazigh (Berber) kingdom in North Africa. This kingdom had an inception date of -0202-00-00T00:00:00Z and continued until 40 AD. Juba I served as a sovereign, defined as a leader of a country, during this era. His identity is cataloged under the instance_of Q5, confirming his status as a human being.

### Political Career and Military Alliances
As the king of Numidia, Juba I's most significant political action was his support for Pompey against Julius Caesar. This conflict spanned the period from 60 to 46 BCE. He utilized his position as a sovereign to align Numidia with the Pompeian faction during the Roman Civil War. This alliance was a defining characteristic of his reign and is the primary reason for his historical notoriety. His leadership role is classified under the occupation Q2304859. The Kingdom of Numidia, under his rule, functioned as a distinct political entity within the broader context of North African history.

### Numismatic Legacy
A concrete outcome of his political stance is the "Juba denarius in support of Pompey against Cesar 60 46 BCE.jpg." This coin serves as a physical artifact documenting his support for Pompey. The denarius is a critical piece of evidence for historians studying the economic and propaganda efforts of the Numidian monarchy. The image file associated with this artifact is a key visual record of his era. This contribution highlights the intersection of currency, politics, and military allegiance in the ancient world.

### Historical Documentation and Digital Presence
Juba I is extensively documented across various academic and digital repositories. He is associated with the Wikipedia title "Juba I of Numidia" and has a sitelink count of 34, indicating widespread coverage. His digital footprint includes the Wikidata ID /m/02y1zk. He is identified by numerous unique identifiers:
- **ISNI**: 0000000357093001
- **VIAF**: 193834025
- **GND**: 1330407725
- **BNF**: 073367354
- **Commons Category**: Juba I
- **WorldCat**: 93489
- **Open Library**: 1323
- **LibriVox**: 4918380
- **MusicBrainz**: juba_i_numidia
- **BnF Authorities**: 2287525
- **NLA**: 6000000006862172450
- **NLI**: 9870074918380
- **NKC**: juba_i_numidia
- **SUDOC**: 29419
- **LCCN**: 14911
- **RERO**: 29345
- **SELIBR**: 1520
- **ULAN**: 5618
- **FAST**: 27318
- **NARA**: person/4360
- **BNE**: 03298/eu_j_1069/j1069
- **NLA Trove**: 5618
- **CANTIC**: 27318
- **SNAC**: person/4360
- **GND**: 1330407725
- **ISNI**: 0000000357093001
- **VIAF**: 193834025
- **BNF**: 073367354
- **WorldCat**: 93489
- **Open Library**: 1323
- **LibriVox**: 4918380
- **MusicBrainz**: juba_i_numidia
- **BnF Authorities**: 2287525
- **NLA**: 6000000006862172450
- **NLI**: 9870074918380
- **NKC**: juba_i_numidia
- **SUDOC**: 29419
- **LCCN**: 14911
- **RERO**: 29345
- **SELIBR**: 1520
- **ULAN**: 5618
- **FAST**: 27318
- **NARA**: person/4360
- **BNE**: 03298/eu_j_1069/j1069
- **NLA Trove**: 5618
- **CANTIC**: 27318
- **SNAC**: person/4360

### Death and Legacy
Juba I died on -0046-01-01T00:00:00Z (46 BCE). His death marked the end of his reign as the sovereign of Numidia. The Kingdom of Numidia continued to exist until 40 AD, but Juba I's specific era concluded with his death. His legacy is preserved through the extensive network of identifiers and the historical record of his denarius. The data indicates a sitelink_count of 273 for the "human" category and 23 for the "sovereign" category, reflecting his dual identity as a person and a ruler. His story remains a vital component of the history of the Amazigh people and the Roman Republic.

## References

1. Dictionary of African Biography
2. Source
3. Iuba
4. ESBE / Juba II
5. Virtual International Authority File
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013