# Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin

> American publisher, journalist, African American civil rights leader, suffragist, and editor

**Wikidata**: [Q6288450](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6288450)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/josephine-st-pierre-ruffin


## References

1. [Source](https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/c/1007600702)
2. Find a Grave
3. [Source](https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/josephine-st-pierre-ruffin/)
4. Notable Black American Women
5. BlackPast.org
6. Women of Distinction: Remarkable in Works and Invincible in Character
7. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
8. Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre (31 August 1842–13 March 1924), editor and woman's club organizer
9. FemBio database
10. Representative women of New England/Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
11. Quora
12. FactGrid