# José Antonio Primo de Rivera

> Spanish politician and founder of Falange Española (1903–1936)

**Wikidata**: [Q57681](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57681)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Antonio_Primo_de_Rivera)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/jose-antonio-primo-de-rivera

## Summary
José Antonio Primo de Rivera was a Spanish politician, poet, advocate, and lawyer, active in the early 20th century. He is recognized for his affiliation with major Spanish political movements, including Falange Española and Falange Española de las JONS, as well as the newspaper *Arriba*. The source material describes him as the "legitimate, eternal and most excellent governor of the yoke and the arrows" and connects him to the leadership of Francisco Franco.

## Biography
- **Born:** April 24, 1903
- **Nationality:** Spain
- **Education:** Universidad Central
- **Known for:** Political leadership, poetry, legal advocacy
- **Employer(s):** Falange Española, Falange Española de las JONS, Movimiento Español Sindicalista, Arriba
- **Field(s):** Politics, Law, Literature

## Contributions
- **Political Leadership:** He was a key figure affiliated with the Spanish political organization Falange Española (inception October 29, 1933) and the political party Falange Española de las JONS (inception February 1934).
- **Media Affiliation:** He was associated with the Spanish newspaper *Arriba*, which was established in 1935 and operated until 1979.
- **Political Movement:** He was connected to the Movimiento Español Sindicalista, a Spanish political organization originating in 1933.
- **Awards:** He received an award identified by the ID Q59312286.

## FAQs
**What were José Antonio Primo de Rivera's professions?**
He worked as a politician, poet, advocate, and lawyer. As a lawyer, he was classified as a legal professional and a subclass of jurist.

**Where did José Antonio Primo de Rivera receive his education?**
He attended the Universidad Central, a university in Madrid that operated from 1822 to 1943 before being succeeded by the University of Madrid.

**When was José Antonio Primo de Rivera born and when did he die?**
He was born on April 24, 1903, and died on November 20, 1936.

**What political organizations was he involved with?**
He was affiliated with Falange Española, Falange Española de las JONS, and Movimiento Español Sindicalista.

**What is his full name?**
His full name is José Antonio Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia.

## Why They Matter
José Antonio Primo de Rivera is a significant figure in the context of Spanish political history, particularly through his association with the Falange movement and the symbol of the "Yugo y las Flechas" (Yoke and Arrows). His legacy is described in the provided material as being intrinsically linked to the regime of Francisco Franco and the concepts of "Gloria y patria" (Glory and country). His life and work are documented extensively across international library and data systems, reflecting his enduring presence in historical records and his classification as a human and politician within global knowledge graphs.

## Notable For
- Being described as the "legitimate, eternal and most excellent governor of the yoke and the arrows."
- Affiliation with the newspaper *Arriba* (1935–1979).
- Involvement with Falange Española (inception 1933) and Falange Española de las JONS (inception 1934).
- Receiving award Q59312286.
- Possessing a vast array of international identifiers, including ISNI 0000000121008886, VIAF ID 41980757, and GND ID 118938649.
- Education at Universidad Central (1822–1943).

## Body

### Identity and Personal Details
José Antonio Primo de Rivera, also known by the alias José Antonio, was a human male born on April 24, 1903. He died on November 20, 1936. His full name is José Antonio Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia. He is classified as an instance of a politician, poet, advocate, and lawyer. His image is documented as "FOTOGRAFIA DE JOSE ANTONIO PRIMO DE RIVERA.jpg," and his signature is recorded as "Firma de José Antonio Primo de Rivera.svg." His coat of arms is identified as the "Coat of Arms of the 3rd Marquis of Estella.svg."

### Nationality and Context
As a citizen of Spain, Primo de Rivera was connected to a sovereign state located primarily in Southwestern Europe with territories in Africa. Spain is organized as a parliamentary monarchy under the official name Kingdom of Spain, with Madrid as its capital. During his lifetime, Spain underwent significant political transitions, including the existence of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939) and the subsequent Spanish Civil War. The country is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the United Nations, and utilizes the Euro as its currency.

### Occupations
Primo de Rivera held multiple professional roles:
*   **Politician:** A person who holds or seeks positions in government.
*   **Poet:** A person who writes poetry.
*   **Advocate:** A profession in the field of law.
*   **Lawyer:** A legal professional and subclass of jurist. This occupation is classified under ISCO-08 code 2611 and is recognized globally as a fundamental pillar of the legal system.

### Education
He was educated at the Universidad Central (Central University of Madrid). This institution was a major higher education entity in Spain, founded on October 3, 1822, by Ferdinand VII of Spain and Manuel José Quintana. The university operated in Madrid until its dissolution on July 29, 1943, at which point it was replaced by the University of Madrid. It served as the primary university in the capital for 121 years and was a successor to the University of Alcalá.

### Political and Organizational Affiliations
Primo de Rivera was affiliated with several key political and media entities in Spain:
*   **Falange Española:** A Spanish political organization founded on October 29, 1933.
*   **Falange Española de las JONS:** A political party and movement originating in February 1934, with headquarters in Madrid.
*   **Movimiento Español Sindicalista:** A Spanish political organization established in 1933.
*   **Arriba:** A Spanish newspaper that began publication in 1935 and ran until 1979.

### Awards and Recognition
He received an award identified by the Wikidata ID Q59312286.

### Description and Legacy
The source material provides a specific, propagandistic description of his legacy: "Gloria y patria a nuestro legítimo, eterno y excelentísimo gobernador del yugo y las flechas. Gloria y viva España, su legión y lo que en ella hay junto a su caudillo, Francisco Franco Bahadamonte." This text highlights his association with the "Yugo y las Flechas" (Yoke and Arrows) symbol and his connection to the dictator Francisco Franco.

### Identifiers and Classification
José Antonio Primo de Rivera is indexed in numerous international information systems, reflecting his broad documentation:
*   **Library & Authority Files:** ISNI (0000000121008886), VIAF (41980757), BNF (13180028s), GND (118938649), Library of Congress (n50022521), and National Library of Spain (XX1038803).
*   **Academic & Scientific:** Scopus (35433651), CiNII (DA08866417), BNF (035298472), and NLA (50389).
*   **Other Identifiers:** IMDb (nm0697560), OpenLibrary (OL89581A), MusicBrainz (4ab9b9ea-ba6e-46a4-872b-96cb28c200f0), and RKD (86511).
*   **Encyclopedic References:** He is the subject of a Wikipedia entry with 55 sitelinks and is documented in encyclopedias such as the Great Russian Encyclopedia and the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine.

## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
3. [Source](http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas?_piref73_2148295_73_1335437_1335437.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=DIPH&FMT=DIPHXD1S.fmt&DOCS=1-1&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=Y&NUM1=&DES1=&QUERY=%2891750%29.NDIP.)
4. Virtual International Authority File
5. BnF authorities
6. [Guía oficial de España. 1931](https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=ff164ec2-df39-4508-82bb-ed1dda2aeaa9&page=971)
7. Find a Grave
8. [Source](https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20230424/primo-rivera-exhumacion-valle-cuelgamuros/2440468.shtml)
9. [Source](http://www.generalisimofranco.com/VIDAS/jose_antonio/002.htm)
10. [Guía oficial de España. 1931](https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=ff164ec2-df39-4508-82bb-ed1dda2aeaa9&page=579)
11. [Source](https://filosofia.org/his/ja/c033.htm)
12. International Standard Name Identifier
13. CiNii Research
14. MusicBrainz
15. SNAC
16. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
17. Spanish Biographical Dictionary
18. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
19. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
20. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
21. [1994](http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1994/01/24/066.html)
22. [Source](https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/jose-antonio-primo-de-rivera-spanien-bettet-leichnam-des-faschisten-um-a-05c39f28-278d-4089-a179-1d2edb1a288c)
23. Autoritats UB
24. LIBRIS. 2002
25. Virtual Study of Theatre Institute
26. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands