# John Kendrew > English biochemist and crystallographer (1917–1997) **Wikidata**: [Q232295](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232295) **Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kendrew) **Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/john-kendrew ## Summary John Kendrew was an English biochemist and crystallographer (1917–1997) who made groundbreaking contributions to the field of molecular biology through his work on protein structures. He is best known for determining the first detailed three-dimensional structure of a protein, myoglobin, using X-ray crystallography, which revolutionized the understanding of biological molecules. ## Biography - Born: March 24, 1917, in Oxford, United Kingdom - Nationality: British - Education: - Studied at Dragon School and Clifton College - Attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and later a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) - Known for: Pioneering work in protein crystallography and the determination of myoglobin's structure - Employer(s): - University of Cambridge - Royal Society - Field(s): Biochemistry, crystallography, molecular biology ## Contributions John Kendrew's most significant contribution was the determination of the three-dimensional structure of myoglobin, a protein found in muscle tissue, using X-ray crystallography. This work, published in 1958, provided the first detailed model of a protein's structure, laying the foundation for modern structural biology. His research also included studies on hemoglobin and other biological molecules, advancing the understanding of how proteins function at the molecular level. Kendrew's work earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962, recognizing his pioneering efforts in the field. ## FAQs **What was John Kendrew's most important scientific achievement?** John Kendrew's most important achievement was determining the first detailed three-dimensional structure of a protein, myoglobin, using X-ray crystallography. This work, published in 1958, revolutionized the field of molecular biology by providing a model for understanding protein structures. **Where did John Kendrew study and work?** John Kendrew studied at Dragon School and Clifton College before attending Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned his BA and PhD. He worked at the University of Cambridge and was a Fellow of the Royal Society. **What awards did John Kendrew receive?** John Kendrew received numerous awards, including the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962, the Royal Medal from the Royal Society, and the William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement. He was also knighted in 1965. **What techniques did John Kendrew use in his research?** John Kendrew primarily used X-ray crystallography to determine the structures of biological molecules such as myoglobin and hemoglobin. His work laid the groundwork for modern structural biology techniques. **How did John Kendrew's work influence the field of biochemistry?** John Kendrew's work fundamentally changed the field of biochemistry by providing the first detailed three-dimensional model of a protein. This breakthrough enabled scientists to understand the structure-function relationships of biological molecules, leading to advancements in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. ## Why They Matter John Kendrew's work on protein structures was revolutionary, as it provided the first detailed model of a protein's three-dimensional arrangement. This breakthrough laid the foundation for modern structural biology, enabling scientists to understand how proteins function and interact with other molecules. Kendrew's research led to the development of new drugs, improved agricultural practices, and advancements in biotechnology. His work earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962, recognizing his pioneering contributions to the field. Kendrew's legacy continues to influence scientific research and education, inspiring future generations of biochemists and crystallographers. ## Notable For - Determined the first detailed three-dimensional structure of a protein, myoglobin, using X-ray crystallography - Received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962 for his groundbreaking work in protein crystallography - Knighted in 1965 for his contributions to science - Published numerous influential papers on protein structures and biological molecules - Served as a Fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the British Biophysical Society - Influenced the development of modern structural biology techniques and applications ## Body ### Early Life and Education John Kendrew was born on March 24, 1917, in Oxford, United Kingdom. He attended Dragon School and Clifton College before enrolling at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and later a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). His early education laid the foundation for his future work in biochemistry and crystallography. ### Career and Research John Kendrew's career was marked by significant contributions to the field of molecular biology. He began his research at the University of Cambridge, where he focused on the structures of biological molecules using X-ray crystallography. His most notable achievement was the determination of the three-dimensional structure of myoglobin, a protein found in muscle tissue. This work, published in 1958, provided the first detailed model of a protein's structure and revolutionized the understanding of biological molecules. ### Awards and Recognition John Kendrew received numerous awards and honors for his pioneering work in protein crystallography. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962, recognizing his groundbreaking contributions to the field. He also received the Royal Medal from the Royal Society and the William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement. In 1965, he was knighted for his contributions to science. ### Influence and Legacy John Kendrew's work had a profound impact on the field of biochemistry and molecular biology. His determination of the first protein structure laid the groundwork for modern structural biology techniques and applications. His research influenced the development of new drugs, improved agricultural practices, and advancements in biotechnology. Kendrew's legacy continues to inspire scientists and researchers, shaping the future of scientific discovery. ### Publications and Contributions John Kendrew published numerous influential papers on protein structures and biological molecules. His work on myoglobin and hemoglobin provided critical insights into the structure-function relationships of proteins. His research also included studies on other biological molecules, further advancing the understanding of molecular biology. Kendrew's publications have been widely cited and continue to be referenced in scientific literature. ### Affiliations and Memberships John Kendrew was affiliated with the University of Cambridge and served as a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was also a member of the British Biophysical Society and other professional organizations. His affiliations and memberships reflected his commitment to advancing the field of biochemistry and crystallography. ### Personal Life and Honors John Kendrew was knighted in 1965 for his contributions to science. He passed away on August 23, 1997. His personal life and honors reflect his significant impact on the scientific community and his dedication to advancing the field of molecular biology. ## References 1. Integrated Authority File 2. [The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962. nobelprize.org](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1962/summary/) 3. [Table showing prize amounts. Nobel Foundation. 2019](https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf) 4. [Source](https://www.sigmaxi.org/programs/prizes-awards/william-procter) 5. International Standard Name Identifier 6. Virtual International Authority File 7. CiNii Research 8. Encyclopædia Britannica Online 9. SNAC 10. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie 11. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana 12. Proleksis Encyclopedia 13. Croatian Encyclopedia 14. Munzinger Personen 15. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013 16. Mathematics Genealogy Project 17. nobelprize.org 18. IdRef 19. LIBRIS. 2009 20. Catalogo of the National Library of India