# John Adams

> Founding Father, U.S. president from 1797 to 1801

**Wikidata**: [Q11806](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11806)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/john-adams

## Summary
John Adams was a Founding Father of the United States and the second U.S. president, serving from 1797 to 1801. A lawyer, diplomat, and statesman, he played a pivotal role in the American Revolution, the drafting of the Declaration of Independence, and the early governance of the United States.

## Biography
- **Born**: October 30, 1735 (alternative dates: October 19, 1735, or January 1, 1735)
- **Died**: July 4, 1826 (alternative date: January 1, 1826)
- **Nationality**: American
- **Education**: Harvard College (graduated 1755)
- **Known for**: Serving as the second President of the United States (1797–1801), contributing to the Declaration of Independence, and his diplomatic work in Europe
- **Employer(s)**: United States government, Massachusetts colonial government, various diplomatic posts
- **Field(s)**: Law, politics, diplomacy, writing

## Contributions
- **Declaration of Independence**: As a member of the Committee of Five, Adams played a key role in drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
- **Diplomatic Missions**: Served as a diplomat in Europe, negotiating critical treaties, including the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American Revolutionary War.
- **Presidency**: As the second U.S. president (1797–1801), he navigated the young nation through conflicts with France and established key federal institutions.
- **Legal and Political Writings**: Authored influential works such as *Novanglus*, defending colonial rights and advocating for independence.
- **Founding of Institutions**: Contributed to the establishment of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1780) and the American Philosophical Society (1743).

## FAQs
**What was John Adams' role in the American Revolution?**
John Adams was a leading advocate for American independence, serving on the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. He also played a crucial role in securing foreign support for the revolution.

**Where did John Adams receive his education?**
Adams graduated from Harvard College in 1755, which laid the foundation for his career in law and politics.

**What were John Adams' major diplomatic achievements?**
Adams negotiated the Treaty of Paris (1783), which formally ended the Revolutionary War and secured U.S. independence from Britain. He also served as an ambassador to France and the Netherlands.

**What is John Adams' legacy in U.S. politics?**
As the second U.S. president, Adams established precedents for federal governance, including the peaceful transfer of power to Thomas Jefferson in 1801. His leadership during the Quasi-War with France helped solidify U.S. sovereignty.

**What organizations was John Adams affiliated with?**
Adams was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Philosophical Society, both of which he helped shape during their formative years.

## Why They Matter
John Adams was instrumental in shaping the United States during its formative years. His contributions to the Declaration of Independence, his diplomatic efforts in securing international recognition for the U.S., and his presidency helped establish the foundations of American democracy. His writings and political philosophy influenced subsequent generations of leaders, and his commitment to republican principles set a precedent for future governance. Without Adams' leadership, the early U.S. might have struggled to gain legitimacy on the world stage or establish stable institutions.

## Notable For
- **Founding Father**: One of the key figures in the American Revolution and the establishment of the United States.
- **Second U.S. President**: Served from 1797 to 1801, setting early precedents for the presidency.
- **Diplomat**: Negotiated the Treaty of Paris (1783), securing U.S. independence.
- **Legal Scholar**: Authored *Novanglus*, a series of essays defending colonial rights.
- **Harvard Graduate**: Educated at Harvard College, contributing to his intellectual and political development.
- **Member of Key Societies**: Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
- **Committee of Five**: Played a crucial role in drafting the Declaration of Independence.
- **Statesman**: Advocated for strong federal institutions and republican governance.

## Body
### Early Life and Education
John Adams was born on October 30, 1735 (with alternative dates of October 19, 1735, or January 1, 1735), in Braintree, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard College in 1755, where he studied law and classical literature. His education laid the groundwork for his future career in law and politics.

### Legal and Political Career
Adams began his career as a lawyer, practicing in Massachusetts. He became involved in colonial politics, advocating for American rights and independence from Britain. His legal expertise and rhetorical skills made him a prominent figure in the revolutionary movement.

### Role in the American Revolution
Adams was a delegate to the Continental Congress and a member of the Committee of Five, which drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776. His contributions to the document and his advocacy for independence were pivotal in shaping the revolutionary cause.

### Diplomatic Achievements
As a diplomat, Adams served in Europe, negotiating critical treaties. He played a key role in securing the Treaty of Paris (1783), which formally ended the Revolutionary War and established U.S. independence. His diplomatic efforts helped gain international recognition for the new nation.

### Presidency and Later Years
Adams served as the second U.S. president from 1797 to 1801. His presidency was marked by challenges, including the Quasi-War with France, but he established important precedents for federal governance. After his presidency, he retired to his home in Quincy, Massachusetts, where he continued to write and correspond on political and philosophical matters.

### Affiliations and Legacy
Adams was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Philosophical Society. His writings, including *Novanglus*, and his political philosophy influenced subsequent generations. He died on July 4, 1826 (with an alternative date of January 1, 1826), leaving a lasting legacy as a Founding Father and statesman.

### Personal Life and Family
Adams married Abigail Smith in 1764, and their correspondence provides valuable insights into the political and social issues of their time. Their son, John Quincy Adams, later became the sixth U.S. president, continuing the family's political legacy.

### Honors and Recognition
Adams received numerous honors, including fellowship in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His contributions to the founding of the United States are commemorated in various ways, including the naming of counties, buildings, and a U.S. Navy submarine after him.

## References

1. ЭЛ / Адамс, Джон, президент
2. EB-11 / Adams, John
3. ЭСБЕ / Адамс, Джон
4. CERL Thesaurus
5. BnF authorities
6. Source
7. Integrated Authority File
8. Union List of Artist Names
9. The Peerage
10. [Source](https://www.americanheraldry.org/heraldry-in-the-usa/arms-of-famous-americans/presidents-of-the-united-states/john-adams-and-john-quincy-adams-2nd-and-6th-presidents-of-the-united-states)
11. [A New Nation Votes: American Electoral Returns, 1788-1825](https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/AJ0030)
12. RERO
13. Library of the World's Best Literature
14. [Source](https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/media/document/2019-10/electionIndex1780-1799.pdf)
15. International Standard Name Identifier
16. Virtual International Authority File
17. CiNii Research
18. MusicBrainz
19. National Register of Historic Places
20. SNAC
21. Find a Grave
22. Babelio
23. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
24. GeneaStar
25. Roglo
26. Proleksis Encyclopedia
27. EB-9 / John Adams
28. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
29. Library of Congress Name Authority File
30. [Source](http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/dfg/amrv/novang1.htm)
31. Library of Congress Online Catalog
32. Czech National Authority Database
33. Russian State Library
34. Norwegian Authority File: Persons and Corporate Bodies
35. [Source](https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/AJ0030)
36. [Source](https://www.bartleby.com/library/bios/index1.html)
37. CONOR.SI
38. WorldCat
39. [Source](https://catalog.mbln.org/Polaris/search/title.aspx?ctx=12.1033.0.0.5&pos=3&cn=897309)
40. [Crunchbase](https://www.crunchbase.com/person/john-adams-8421)
41. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
42. Enciclopedia Treccani
43. Dizionario di Storia
44. [Source](https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Adams-John;3865713.html)
45. John Adams - RationalWiki. RationalWiki
46. FactGrid
47. KBpedia
48. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands
49. Catalogo of the National Library of India