# Jerusalem

> city in the Middle East, holy to the three Abrahamic religions

**Wikidata**: [Q1218](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1218)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/jerusalem

## Summary
Jerusalem is a city in the Middle East, holy to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is a major religious site, serving as the capital of Israel and a disputed territory between Israel and Palestine, with East Jerusalem annexed by Israel in 1967.

## Key Facts
- **Classification**: Large human settlement, tourist destination, big city (population over 100,000), Roman city (Aelia Capitolina), disputed territory, corpus separatum, city council.
- **Founding**: Inhabited since at least the 4th millennium BCE, with biblical references dating back to 2000 BCE.
- **Religious Significance**: Holy city of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, home to the Western Wall, Temple Mount, and Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
- **Historical Rule**: Controlled by various empires, including the Kingdom of Judah, Hasmonean dynasty, Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, early Islamic period, Crusader states, Ayyubid dynasty, Mamluk Sultanate, and Ottoman Empire.
- **Modern Status**: Capital of Israel (West Jerusalem) and part of the State of Palestine (East Jerusalem), with ongoing territorial disputes.
- **Population**: Approximately 865,721 inhabitants (2015 estimate).
- **Language**: Primarily Hebrew and Arabic.
- **Time Zone**: UTC+02:00 (UTC+03:00 during daylight saving time).
- **Coordinates**: 31°46′50″N 35°13′30″E.
- **Member of**: League of Historical Cities, Organization of World Heritage Cities, Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities, The Association of Palestinian Local Authorities APLA.
- **Capital of**: Quds Governorate (East Jerusalem), Jerusalem District (West Jerusalem), Mandatory Palestine, Israel (West Jerusalem), Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Israel, Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, Herodian Kingdom of Judea, Kingdom of Judah, Palestine (East Jerusalem).
- **Located in**: Quds Governorate (East Jerusalem), Jerusalem District (West Jerusalem), Judaea, Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem.
- **Named after**: Shalim, a Canaanite god of the sunset.
- **Official name**: ירושלים (Hebrew), القدس (Arabic).
- **Postal code**: 91000–91999.
- **Dialing code**: +972 2.
- **Area**: 125.42 square kilometres.
- **Elevation**: 754 metres above sea level.
- **Time zone**: UTC+02:00, UTC+03:00.
- **Coordinates**: 31.77888888888889°N, 35.22555555555556°E.
- **Population**: 865,721 (2015).
- **Language**: Hebrew, Arabic.
- **Currency**: Israeli new shekel (Israel), Palestinian shekel (Palestine).
- **Demonym**: Jerusalemite.
- **Mayor**: Moshe Lion (since 2018).
- **Head of government**: Moshe Lion (since 2018).
- **Legislative body**: Municipality of Jerusalem.
- **Office held by head of government**: Mayor of Jerusalem (Mandatory Palestine, 1920–1948), Mayor of Jerusalem (Jordan, 1948–1967), Mayor of Jerusalem (Israel, since 1948), alderman (Israel/Palestine, since 1967).
- **Twinned administrative body**: New York City (since 1993), Ayabe, Prague, Rio de Janeiro, Cusco (since 1996), Fez (since 1982), Bratislava (since 1995), Kyiv (since 2000-02-20), Tbilisi (since 1998), Helwan.
- **Significant event**: Siege of Jerusalem (multiple instances throughout history), crucifixion of Jesus (0033), Resurrection of Jesus (0033), Ascension of Jesus (0033), Pentecost (0033), Isra and Mi'raj.
- **Described by source**: Bible Encyclopedia of Archimandrite Nicephorus, Sytin Military Encyclopedia, Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron, Otto's encyclopedia, Russian translation of Lübker's Antiquity Lexicon, Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition, The New Student's Reference Work, Meyer’s Universum, Pauly–Wissowa, The Nuttall Encyclopædia, Islamskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar', "The New Student's Reference Work", "Meyer’s Universum, Zweiter Band", "Meyer’s Universum, Einundzwanzigster Band".
- **Encyclopedia.com ID**: politics/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/jerusalem-arabic-beit-al-maqdis-holy-houseor-al-quds-al-sharif-holy-hebrew-yerushalayim, environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/jerusalem-jerusalem-judaism-christianity-and-islam, history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/holy-city-jerusalem.
- **Grove Art Online ID**: T044644.
- **Joconde Location ID**: T84-347.
- **Klexikon Article ID**: Jerusalem.
- **MusicBrainz Area ID**: 08a08584-b3a5-473a-b52e-00f5fd9b0649.
- **Pronunciation Audio**: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7913_(ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Ierusalim.wav (Romanian).
- **Trismegistos Geo ID**: 853.
- **Wikipedia Languages**: ace, af, als, am, an, ang, ann, anp, ar, arc, ary, arz, as, ast, av, awa, az, azb, ba, ban, bar, bat_smg, bcl, be, be_x_old, bew, bg, bh, bjn, bn, bo, br, bs, bxr, ca, cbk_zam, cdo, ce, ceb, ch, ckb, co, commons, crh, cs, csb, cu, cv, cy, da, de, diq, dsb, dty, dv, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, ext, fa, fi, fiu_vro, fj, fo, fr, frr, fur, fy, ga, gan, gcr, gd, gl, gn, got, gpe, gv, ha, hak, haw, he, hi, hif, hr, hsb, ht, hu, hy, hyw, ia, iba, id, ie, ig, ilo, inh, io, is, it, ja, jam, jv, ka, kaa, kab, kbd, kbp, kcg, kge, ki, kk, km, kn, knc, ko, ks, ku, kv, kw, ky, la, lad, lb, lez, lfn, li, lij, lld, lmo, ln, lo, lt, lv, mai, mdf, mg, mhr, mi, min, mk, ml, mn, mr, ms, mt, mwl, my, myv, mzn, nap, nds, nds_nl, ne, new, nl, nn, no, nov, nrm, ny, oc, olo, or, os, pa, pap, pcd, pl, pms, pnb, pnt, ps, pt, qu, rm, rmy, rn, ro, roa_tara, ru, rue, rw, sah, sat, sc, scn, sco, sd, sh, simple, sk, sl, sm, smn, sn, so, sq, sr, srn, stq, su, sv, sw, szl, szy, ta, te, tg, th, tk, tl, tly, tok, tpi, tr, tt, tum, udm, ug, uk, ur, uz, vec, vep, vi, vo, wa, war, wo, wuu, xh, xmf, yi, yo, zea, zgh, zh, zh_classical, zh_min_nan, zh_yue, zu.
- **Archnet Authority ID**: 6579.
- **Daum Encyclopedia ID**: b16a0085a.
- **Facebook Location ID**: 106401656063896.
- **L'Humanité Topic ID**: jerusalem.
- **Libération Topic ID**: jerusalem.
- **Pactols Thesaurus ID**: pcrtSyBhSxrwM0 (Jérusalem (ville)).
- **Store ID Google Play**: Jerusalem.
- **Wikidata Description**: city in the Middle East, holy to the three Abrahamic religions.
- **Worldcat Entities ID**: E39PBJkp9jBRd8fKjb3BBXQDv3.
- **El Moudjahid Topic ID**: al-qods.
- **GNS Unique Feature ID**: -781745.
- **Google News Topics ID**: CAAqIQgKIhtDQkFTRGdvSUwyMHZNRFF6TUY4U0FtVnVLQUFQAQ.
- **Instagram Location ID**: 213742495.
- **Interlingual Index ID**: i83077.
- **Naver Encyclopedia ID**: 1127570.
- **OpenStreetMap Node ID**: 29090735.
- **Topic's Main Category**: Category:Jerusalem.
- **WordNet 3.1 Synset ID**: 08812650-n.
- **ArchInform Location ID**: 45421.
- **Beta Maṣāḥǝft ID**: LOC3957Jerusa.
- **Cyprus Bibliography ID**: 2314.
- **Jewish Encyclopedia ID**: 8604.
- **New York Post Topic ID**: jerusalem.
- **NHK One News Topic ID**: 0002373.
- **OpenWeatherMap City ID**: 281184.
- **Social Media Followers**: 2,181 (2021-01-04).
- **British Museum Place ID**: x21167.
- **Google Maps Customer ID**: 15667849648237633995.
- **Museum Digital Place ID**: 508.
- **Open Library Subject ID**: jerusalem, place:jerusalem.
- **Vatican Library VCBA ID**: 497/2132.
- **Wikisimpsons Article ID**: 51177.
- **Catholic Encyclopedia ID**: 08344a, 08355a, 08361a, 08364a.
- **Cultureel Woordenboek ID**: bijbel/jeruzalem.
- **Georgian Encyclopedia ID**: 18341.
- **Israeli CBS Municipal ID**: 3000.
- **Orthodox Encyclopedia ID**: 293782.
- **The Independent Topic ID**: jerusalem.
- **Cantic ID (Former Scheme)**: a20008612.
- **Elevation Above Sea Level**: 754 metres.
- **Hrvatska Enciklopedija ID**: jeruzalem.
- **Maintained by Wikiproject**: WikiProject Cities, WikiProject Israel, WikiProject Palestine, WikiProject Judaism, WikiProject Jewish history, WikiProject Christianity, WikiProject Islam, WikiProject Religion, WikiProject Ancient Near East, WikiProject History, WikiProject Middle Ages, WikiProject Crusades, WikiProject Former countries, WikiProject Ottoman Empire, WikiProject Geography, WikiProject Core cities.
- **Omegawiki Defined Meaning**: 460506.
- **OpenStreetMap Relation ID**: 1381350.
- **Partially Coincident With**: Aelia Capitolina.
- **Category for Maps or Plans**: Category:Maps of Jerusalem.
- **EU Knowledge Graph Item ID**: 17th century.
- **Online PWN Encyclopedia ID**: 3917716.
- **Proleksis Enciklopedija ID**: 29052.
- **UK Parliament Thesaurus ID**: 11090.
- **Edition Humboldt Digital ID**: H0006577.
- **France 24 Topic ID (Arabic)**: القدس.
- **France 24 Topic ID (French)**: jérusalem, jerusalem.
- **France 24 Topic ID (English)**: jerusalem.
- **France 24 Topic ID (Spanish)**: jerusalén, jerusalen.
- **Jewish Encyclopedia Daat ID**: 3227.
- **Kulturenvanteri Monument ID**: 292917.
- **Kulturenvanteri Taxonomy ID**: 1667.
- **Observation.org Location ID**: 109877.
- **The Times of India Topic ID**: jerusalem.
- **Twinned Administrative Body**: New York City (since 1993), Ayabe, Prague, Rio de Janeiro, Cusco (since 1996), Fez (since 1982), Bratislava (since 1995), Kyiv (since 2000-02-20), Tbilisi (since 1998), Helwan.
- **Arab Encyclopedia Concept ID**: 4837.
- **Dewey Decimal Classification**: 2--569442.
- **Encyclopædia Universalis ID**: jerusalem.
- **TDV Encyclopedia of Islam ID**: kudus.
- **Wolfram Language Entity Code**: Entity["City", {"Jerusalem", "Jerusalem", "Israel"}].
- **Alexander Turnbull Library ID**: 317364.
- **Category for People Born Here**: Category:Births in Jerusalem.
- **Category of Associated People**: Category:People from Jerusalem.
- **Estonian Subject Thesaurus ID**: 133511.
- **National Library of Brazil ID**: 000091583 (Jerusalém).
- **Süddeutsche Zeitung Topic ID**: Jerusalem.
- **Topic's Main Wikimedia Portal**: Portal:Jerusalem.
- **World History Encyclopedia ID**: jerusalem.
- **Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID**: jerusalem-0.
- **National Library of Iceland ID**: 000074657 (Jerúsalem).
- **National Library of Ireland ID**: vtls000069552.
- **Urban Electric Transit City ID**: 311.
- **Category for People Buried Here**: Category:Burials in Jerusalem by place.
- **Dictionary of Late Antiquity ID**: 2481.
- **Encyclopaedia of the Qur'ān ID**: EQSIM-00235.
- **Google Arts & Culture Entity ID**: m0430_.
- **Islamic Art and Architecture ID**: 986.
- **Israel Antiquities Authority ID**: 2.
- **Radio Algeria Topic ID (Arabic)**: القدس.
- **Radio Algeria Topic ID (French)**: jerusalem.
- **Dictionary of the Middle Ages ID**: 3138.
- **Jewish Encyclopedia ID (Russian)**: 11708.
- **Le Monde Diplomatique Subject ID**: pays/palestinejerusalem (Palestine (Jérusalem)).
- **Library of Congress Authority ID**: n81126877.
- **Biblioteca Nacional de México ID**: 000031779.
- **Brockhaus Enzyklopädie Online ID**: jerusalem-20.
- **Category for People Who Died Here**: Category:Deaths in Jerusalem.
- **Category for the View of the Item**: Category:Views of Jerusalem.
- **Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine ID**: 20086.
- **Epigraphic Database Heidelberg ID**: HD011955.
- **National Library of Israel J9U ID**: 987007562169605171.
- **National Library of Poland MMS ID**: 9810583080105606.
- **Office Held by Head of Government**: Mayor of Jerusalem (Mandatory Palestine, 1920–1948), Mayor of Jerusalem (Jordan, 1948–1967), Mayor of Jerusalem (Israel, since 1948), alderman (Israel/Palestine, since 1967).
- **The Oxford Dictionary of Islam ID**: 1195.
- **U.S. National Archives Identifier**: 10044349.
- **Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages ID**: 1477.
- **Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID**: place/Jerusalem (Joshua Prawer, Michael Dumper, Bernard Wasserstein, Stewart Henry Perowne, Buzzy Gordon).
- **Library of Congress Classification**: BP190.5.P3.
- **On Focus List of Wikimedia Project**: Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have, Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 (2022-10-31).
- **Treccani's Dizionario di Storia ID**: gerusalemme (2010).
- **Library of Congress Bibframe Hub ID**: ca009f15-9b14-3732-610a-ca60a5622b55 (Jérusalem).
- **National Library of Israel ID (Old)**: 000988457.
- **World Historical Gazetteer Place ID**: 12346168.
- **Bibliothèque Nationale de France ID**: 118646774 (Jérusalem).
- **Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire ID**: 15896.
- **Britannica Kids Kids Level Article ID**: 346152.
- **Visuotinė Lietuvių Enciklopedija ID**: jeruzale.
- **Epigraphik Datenbank Clauss / Slaby ID**: EDCS-09400686.
- **Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names ID**: 7001371 (Jerusalem), 7000245 (Al-Quds).
- **National Library of Wales Authority ID**: jerusalem-2, jerusalem-israel.
- **The Islamic World: Past and Present ID**: 173.
- **Early Modern Letters Online Location ID**: 2907bb4c-4edb-461e-bc7e-767382f49055.
- **Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable ID**: 5640.
- **Canadiana Authorities ID (Former Scheme)**: 0053L3513.
- **National Historical Museums of Sweden ID**: geo/63E1A3A9-B6F6-41A4-96F3-2A50D306D508.
- **Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae Thesaurus ID**: OFFTXEE44ZCT3LHNKHAW4FR4NU.
- **Britannica Kids Scholars Level Article ID**: 106455.
- **Britannica Kids Students Level Article ID**: 275148.
- **Encyclopaedia of Islam (First Edition) ID**: DUM-0606, SIM-4304, DUM-0294, DUM-0295, DUM-0578.
- **Encyclopaedia of Islam (Third Edition) ID**: COM-32816.
- **Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ID**: Erusalym.
- **Encyclopaedia of Islam (French Edition) ID**: DUM-2065, COM-0535.
- **Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second Edition) ID**: DUM-2065, COM-0535.
- **Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID (2017)**: 2000889 (ИЕРУСАЛИМ).
- **Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID (Former Scheme)**: 0233584.
- **National Library of Spain SPMABN ID (BNE v1.0)**: XX451223 (Jerusalén).
- **The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World ID**: 0417.
- **The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions ID**: 5878, 3614.

## FAQs
- **What is the significance of Jerusalem in the three Abrahamic religions?** Jerusalem is considered the holiest city in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It is the site of the Western Wall (Judaism), the Temple Mount (Judaism and Islam), and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Christianity).
- **What are the main religious sites in Jerusalem?** Key sites include the Western Wall, Temple Mount, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Dome of the Rock, and Al-Aqsa Mosque.
- **What is the status of Jerusalem today?** Jerusalem is divided between Israel (West Jerusalem) and the State of Palestine (East Jerusalem). Israel controls West Jerusalem and claims it as its capital, while the Palestinian Authority governs East Jerusalem.
- **What are the historical rulers of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has been ruled by various empires, including the Kingdom of Judah, Hasmonean dynasty, Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, early Islamic period, Crusader states, Ayyubid dynasty, Mamluk Sultanate, and Ottoman Empire.
- **What is the population of Jerusalem?** The population of Jerusalem is approximately 865,721 (2015 estimate).
- **What languages are spoken in Jerusalem?** The primary languages spoken in Jerusalem are Hebrew and Arabic.
- **What is the time zone of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem operates on UTC+02:00 (UTC+03:00 during daylight saving time).
- **What is the area of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem covers an area of 125.42 square kilometres.
- **What is the elevation of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem is located at an elevation of 754 metres above sea level.
- **What organizations is Jerusalem a member of?** Jerusalem is a member of the League of Historical Cities, Organization of World Heritage Cities, Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities, and The Association of Palestinian Local Authorities APLA.
- **What is the official name of Jerusalem?** The official names of Jerusalem are ירושלים (Hebrew) and القدس (Arabic).
- **What is the postal code of Jerusalem?** The postal code for Jerusalem is 91000–91999.
- **What is the dialing code of Jerusalem?** The dialing code for Jerusalem is +972 2.
- **Who is the mayor of Jerusalem?** The mayor of Jerusalem is Moshe Lion, who has held the position since 2018.
- **What is the head of government of Jerusalem?** The head of government of Jerusalem is Moshe Lion, who has held the position since 2018.
- **What is the legislative body of Jerusalem?** The legislative body of Jerusalem is the Municipality of Jerusalem.
- **What are the significant events in Jerusalem's history?** Significant events include the Siege of Jerusalem (multiple instances), crucifixion of Jesus (0033), Resurrection of Jesus (0033), Ascension of Jesus (0033), Pentecost (0033), and Isra and Mi'raj.
- **What are the notable achievements of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem is notable for its religious significance, historical importance, and status as a holy city for three major religions.
- **What are the cultural and historical influences of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has been influenced by various civilizations, including the Canaanites, Israelites, Romans, Byzantines, Muslims, and Crusaders, contributing to its rich cultural heritage.
- **What are the economic activities in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem is a major economic hub with a diverse economy, including finance, technology, tourism, and education.
- **What are the educational institutions in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem is home to prestigious educational institutions, including the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Al-Quds University, and various schools and universities.
- **What are the healthcare facilities in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has a range of healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and medical centers, providing comprehensive healthcare services.
- **What are the transportation systems in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has an extensive transportation system, including buses, trains, taxis, and ride-sharing services, facilitating movement within the city and to surrounding areas.
- **What are the environmental initiatives in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has various environmental initiatives, including green spaces, recycling programs, and sustainability projects aimed at preserving the natural environment.
- **What are the social and community services in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem offers a range of social and community services, including community centers, cultural events, and support programs for residents.
- **What are the notable people associated with Jerusalem?** Notable people associated with Jerusalem include religious leaders, scholars, artists, and public figures who have contributed to its cultural and intellectual landscape.
- **What are the challenges faced by Jerusalem?** Jerusalem faces challenges related to territorial disputes, religious tensions, economic development, and urban planning.
- **What are the future prospects for Jerusalem?** The future prospects for Jerusalem include continued efforts in peace and reconciliation, economic growth, cultural preservation, and sustainable development.

## Why It Matters
Jerusalem is one of the most significant cities in the world, holding immense religious, historical, and cultural importance. As the holy city of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, it is a focal point for millions of believers and a symbol of faith and unity. The city's rich history, spanning thousands of years, makes it a treasure trove of ancient civilizations, architectural marvels, and cultural heritage. Jerusalem's strategic location and status as a capital city have made it a center of political and diplomatic activity, shaping the region's future. The city's economic significance, technological advancements, and educational institutions contribute to its role as a global hub. Despite ongoing territorial disputes and challenges, Jerusalem remains a beacon of hope and a testament to the enduring spirit of its people.

## Notable For
- **Religious Significance**: Jerusalem is the holiest city in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, with numerous sacred sites and religious institutions.
- **Historical Importance**: Jerusalem has been inhabited for over 5,000 years and has been ruled by various empires, including the Kingdom of Judah, Hasmonean dynasty, Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, early Islamic period, Crusader states, Ayyubid dynasty, Mamluk Sultanate, and Ottoman Empire.
- **Cultural Heritage**: Jerusalem is home to a rich cultural heritage, with contributions from various civilizations, including the Canaanites, Israelites, Romans, Byzantines, Muslims, and Crusaders.
- **Economic Hub**: Jerusalem is a major economic hub with a diverse economy, including finance, technology, tourism, and education.
- **Educational Institutions**: Jerusalem is home to prestigious educational institutions, including the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Al-Quds University, and various schools and universities.
- **Healthcare Facilities**: Jerusalem has a range of healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and medical centers, providing comprehensive healthcare services.
- **Transportation Systems**: Jerusalem has an extensive transportation system, including buses, trains, taxis, and ride-sharing services, facilitating movement within the city and to surrounding areas.
- **Environmental Initiatives**: Jerusalem has various environmental initiatives, including green spaces, recycling programs, and sustainability projects aimed at preserving the natural environment.
- **Social and Community Services**: Jerusalem offers a range of social and community services, including community centers, cultural events, and support programs for residents.
- **Notable People**: Jerusalem is associated with notable people, including religious leaders, scholars, artists, and public figures who have contributed to its cultural and intellectual landscape.
- **Challenges and Future Prospects**: Jerusalem faces challenges related to territorial disputes, religious tensions, economic development, and urban planning, but also has future prospects in peace and reconciliation, economic growth, cultural preservation, and sustainable development.

## Body
### History
Jerusalem has a rich and complex history, spanning over 5,000 years. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with biblical references dating back to 2000 BCE. The city has been ruled by various empires, including the Kingdom of Judah, Hasmonean dynasty, Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, early Islamic period, Crusader states, Ayyubid dynasty, Mamluk Sultanate, and Ottoman Empire. Each of these empires has left a significant mark on Jerusalem's cultural and architectural heritage.

### Religious Significance
Jerusalem is considered the holiest city in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It is the site of numerous sacred sites and religious institutions, including the Western Wall (Judaism), Temple Mount (Judaism and Islam), and Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Christianity). These sites hold immense religious significance for millions of believers worldwide.

### Cultural Heritage
Jerusalem is home to a rich cultural heritage, with contributions from various civilizations, including the Canaanites, Israelites, Romans, Byzantines, Muslims, and Crusaders. The city is a treasure trove of ancient civilizations, architectural marvels, and cultural traditions.

### Economic Hub
Jerusalem is a major economic hub with a diverse economy, including finance, technology, tourism, and education. The city's strategic location and status as a capital city have made it a center of economic activity and innovation.

### Educational Institutions
Jerusalem is home to prestigious educational institutions, including the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Al-Quds University, and various schools and universities. These institutions contribute to the city's intellectual and cultural landscape.

### Healthcare Facilities
Jerusalem has a range of healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and medical centers, providing comprehensive healthcare services to its residents.

### Transportation Systems
Jerusalem has an extensive transportation system, including buses, trains, taxis, and ride-sharing services, facilitating movement within the city and to surrounding areas.

### Environmental Initiatives
Jerusalem has various environmental initiatives, including green spaces, recycling programs, and sustainability projects aimed at preserving the natural environment.

### Social and Community Services
Jerusalem offers a range of social and community services, including community centers, cultural events, and support programs for residents.

### Notable People
Jerusalem is associated with notable people, including religious leaders, scholars, artists, and public figures who have contributed to its cultural and intellectual landscape.

### Challenges and Future Prospects
Jerusalem faces challenges related to territorial disputes, religious tensions, economic development, and urban planning. However, the city also has future prospects in peace and reconciliation, economic growth, cultural preservation, and sustainable development.

### Related Projects
Jerusalem is involved in various related projects, including the League of Historical Cities, Organization of World Heritage Cities, Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities, and The Association of Palestinian Local Authorities APLA. These projects contribute to the city's cultural, historical, and political significance.

### Community
Jerusalem has a diverse and vibrant community, with residents from various backgrounds and cultures. The city's rich cultural heritage and religious significance contribute to its unique and dynamic community.

### Ecosystem
Jerusalem's ecosystem includes a range of natural and man-made features, including parks, gardens, and green spaces. These features contribute to the city's environmental and recreational offerings.

### Architecture
Jerusalem's architecture reflects its rich and complex history, with contributions from various civilizations, including the Canaanites, Israelites, Romans, Byzantines, Muslims, and Crusaders. The city's architectural heritage includes ancient ruins, religious buildings, and modern structures.

### Notable Achievements
Jerusalem is notable for its religious significance, historical importance, and status as a holy city for three major religions. The city's rich cultural heritage, economic hub status, and educational institutions also contribute to its notable achievements.

### FAQs
- **What is the significance of Jerusalem in the three Abrahamic religions?** Jerusalem is considered the holiest city in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, with numerous sacred sites and religious institutions.
- **What are the main religious sites in Jerusalem?** Key sites include the Western Wall, Temple Mount, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Dome of the Rock, and Al-Aqsa Mosque.
- **What is the status of Jerusalem today?** Jerusalem is divided between Israel (West Jerusalem) and the State of Palestine (East Jerusalem). Israel controls West Jerusalem and claims it as its capital, while the Palestinian Authority governs East Jerusalem.
- **What are the historical rulers of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has been ruled by various empires, including the Kingdom of Judah, Hasmonean dynasty, Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, early Islamic period, Crusader states, Ayyubid dynasty, Mamluk Sultanate, and Ottoman Empire.
- **What is the population of Jerusalem?** The population of Jerusalem is approximately 865,721 (2015 estimate).
- **What languages are spoken in Jerusalem?** The primary languages spoken in Jerusalem are Hebrew and Arabic.
- **What is the time zone of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem operates on UTC+02:00 (UTC+03:00 during daylight saving time).
- **What is the area of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem covers an area of 125.42 square kilometres.
- **What is the elevation of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem is located at an elevation of 754 metres above sea level.
- **What organizations is Jerusalem a member of?** Jerusalem is a member of the League of Historical Cities, Organization of World Heritage Cities, Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities, and The Association of Palestinian Local Authorities APLA.
- **What is the official name of Jerusalem?** The official names of Jerusalem are ירושלים (Hebrew) and القدس (Arabic).
- **What is the postal code of Jerusalem?** The postal code for Jerusalem is 91000–91999.
- **What is the dialing code of Jerusalem?** The dialing code for Jerusalem is +972 2.
- **Who is the mayor of Jerusalem?** The mayor of Jerusalem is Moshe Lion, who has held the position since 2018.
- **What is the head of government of Jerusalem?** The head of government of Jerusalem is Moshe Lion, who has held the position since 2018.
- **What is the legislative body of Jerusalem?** The legislative body of Jerusalem is the Municipality of Jerusalem.
- **What are the significant events in Jerusalem's history?** Significant events include the Siege of Jerusalem (multiple instances), crucifixion of Jesus (0033), Resurrection of Jesus (0033), Ascension of Jesus (0033), Pentecost (0033), and Isra and Mi'raj.
- **What are the notable achievements of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem is notable for its religious significance, historical importance, and status as a holy city for three major religions.
- **What are the cultural and historical influences of Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has been influenced by various civilizations, including the Canaanites, Israelites, Romans, Byzantines, Muslims, and Crusaders, contributing to its rich cultural heritage.
- **What are the economic activities in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem is a major economic hub with a diverse economy, including finance, technology, tourism, and education.
- **What are the educational institutions in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem is home to prestigious educational institutions, including the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Al-Quds University, and various schools and universities.
- **What are the healthcare facilities in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has a range of healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and medical centers, providing comprehensive healthcare services.
- **What are the transportation systems in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has an extensive transportation system, including buses, trains, taxis, and ride-sharing services, facilitating movement within the city and to surrounding areas.
- **What are the environmental initiatives in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem has various environmental initiatives, including green spaces, recycling programs, and sustainability projects aimed at preserving the natural environment.
- **What are the social and community services in Jerusalem?** Jerusalem offers a range of social and community services, including community centers, cultural events, and support programs for residents.
- **What are the notable people associated with Jerusalem?** Notable people associated with Jerusalem include religious leaders, scholars, artists, and public figures who have contributed to its cultural and intellectual landscape.
- **What are the challenges faced by Jerusalem?** Jerusalem faces challenges related to territorial disputes, religious tensions, economic development, and urban planning.
- **What are the future prospects for Jerusalem?** The future prospects for Jerusalem include continued efforts in peace and reconciliation, economic growth, cultural preservation, and sustainable development.

## References

1. archINFORM
2. [Source](http://www.sistercities.org/interactive-map/Jerusalem,%20Israel)
3. [Source](http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/en/01-04-03.html)
4. [Source](http://mail.camara.rj.gov.br/APL/Legislativos/contlei.nsf/50ad008247b8f030032579ea0073d588/3f4147a57ed8aa3483257e8800663664?OpenDocument)
5. [Source](http://www.aatccusco.com/ciudades_hermanas.php)
6. [Source](https://zastupitelstvo.bratislava.sk/data/att/11916.pdf)
7. [Source](https://old.kyivcity.gov.ua/files/2018/2/15/Mista-pobratymy.pdf)
8. [Source](https://kyivcity.gov.ua/kyiv_ta_miska_vlada/pro_kyiv/mista-pobratimi_z_yakimi_kiyevom_pidpisani_dokumenti_pro_poridnennya_druzhbu_spivrobitnitstvo_partnerstvo/)
9. [Source](https://tbilisi.gov.ge/img/original/2018/6/12/tbilisiinfigures.pdf)
10. [Source](http://economicforum.ge/img/original/2024/5/29/%E1%83%97%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98-Print-21.09.23.pdf)
11. BnF authorities
12. [Source](http://www.geopostcodes.com/Jerusalem)
13. [Source](https://www.lhc-s.org/member_cities/index.php)
14. [Source](https://www.ovpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/liste-villes-en-regle-pour-page-web12-03-2024.pdf)
15. [Source](http://dialcode.org/Asia/Israel/)
16. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
17. [Virtual International Authority File](http://www.viaf.org/viaf/242525665/)
18. MusicBrainz
19. [Source](http://www.cbs.gov.il/ishuvim/reshimalefishem.pdf)
20. [Israel Central Bureau of Statistics](https://citypopulation.de/en/israel/jerusalem/_/3000__yerushalayim/)
21. [Source](https://onzetaal.nl/taaladvies/advies/hilversumer-hilversummer)
22. [Source](https://sjp.pwn.pl/poradnia/haslo/nazwy-mieszkancow;1042.html)
23. [Source](http://ksng.gugik.gov.pl/pliki/nazwy_panstw_swiata.pdf)
24. GeoNames
25. BBC Things
26. [Source](http://www.cbs.gov.il/ishuvim/ishuv2014/bycode.xls)
27. Virtual International Authority File
28. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
29. [Source](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kudus)
30. [Source](http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Jerusalem)
31. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands
32. [Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands](https://biblio.hiu.cas.cz/records/5481e33b-6d5e-40da-b99b-a4721985e7ed)
33. [Jerusalem latest news & coverage - CNA](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/topic/jerusalem)
34. museum-digital