# Javier Pérez de Cuéllar

> 5th Secretary-General of the United Nations (1920-2020)

**Wikidata**: [Q1259](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Pérez_de_Cuéllar)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/javier-perez-de-cuellar

## Summary
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar was the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations, serving from 1982 to 1991. A Peruvian diplomat and lawyer, he is known for his leadership during the Cold War and his advocacy for human rights and international cooperation.

## Biography
- Born: January 19, 1920, in Lima, Peru
- Nationality: Peruvian
- Education: Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (law degree)
- Known for: Leading the United Nations during the Cold War and promoting human rights
- Employer(s): United Nations, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
- Field(s): Diplomacy, international law, human rights

## Contributions
- Served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1982 to 1991, overseeing the organization during the Cold War and promoting human rights and international cooperation.
- Advocated for the establishment of the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
- Led the United Nations in its efforts to address global humanitarian crises, including the famine in Ethiopia and the refugee crisis in the Balkans.
- Played a key role in the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989.
- Promoted the development of international humanitarian law and the protection of human rights.

## FAQs
**What was Javier Pérez de Cuéllar's role at the United Nations?**
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1982 to 1991, leading the organization during the Cold War and advocating for human rights and international cooperation.

**Where did Javier Pérez de Cuéllar study?**
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar studied at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, where he earned a law degree.

**What were Javier Pérez de Cuéllar's key achievements during his tenure as Secretary-General?**
During his tenure, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar advocated for the establishment of the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. He also led the United Nations in addressing global humanitarian crises and promoting the development of international humanitarian law.

**What international organizations was Javier Pérez de Cuéllar affiliated with?**
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar was affiliated with the United Nations and the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru.

**What is Javier Pérez de Cuéllar's nationality?**
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar is a Peruvian national.

## Why They Matter
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar's leadership as Secretary-General of the United Nations during the Cold War was crucial in shaping the organization's response to global crises. His advocacy for human rights and international cooperation left a lasting impact on the United Nations and the broader field of diplomacy. His efforts to establish the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia were groundbreaking and set a precedent for addressing international crimes. Pérez de Cuéllar's work in promoting the development of international humanitarian law and the protection of human rights continues to influence global efforts to address these issues.

## Notable For
- Served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1982 to 1991.
- Advocated for the establishment of the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
- Led the United Nations in addressing global humanitarian crises, including the famine in Ethiopia and the refugee crisis in the Balkans.
- Played a key role in the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989.
- Promoted the development of international humanitarian law and the protection of human rights.
- Received numerous awards and honors, including the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding, the Olof Palme Prize, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar was born on January 19, 1920, in Lima, Peru. He studied at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, where he earned a law degree. His education laid the foundation for his future career in diplomacy and international law.

### Career in Diplomacy
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar began his career in diplomacy, serving in various roles within the Peruvian government and international organizations. His extensive experience in diplomacy prepared him for his leadership role at the United Nations.

### Appointment as Secretary-General
In 1982, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar was appointed as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations. He assumed office on January 1, 1982, and served until December 31, 1991. His tenure spanned the height of the Cold War and was marked by significant global challenges.

### Leadership During the Cold War
During his tenure as Secretary-General, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar played a crucial role in navigating the complexities of the Cold War. He worked to promote international cooperation and peace, addressing the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.

### Advocacy for Human Rights
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar was a strong advocate for human rights and international cooperation. He worked to establish the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, setting a precedent for addressing international crimes.

### Addressing Global Humanitarian Crises
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar led the United Nations in addressing global humanitarian crises, including the famine in Ethiopia and the refugee crisis in the Balkans. His efforts to provide humanitarian aid and support to affected populations were instrumental in mitigating the impact of these crises.

### Promotion of International Humanitarian Law
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar played a key role in the development of international humanitarian law. He worked to strengthen the legal framework for the protection of civilians and the conduct of armed conflict, promoting the principles of humanity and impartiality.

### Negotiations and International Agreements
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar was involved in numerous negotiations and international agreements during his tenure. He played a key role in the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989, which has had a profound impact on the protection of children's rights worldwide.

### Awards and Honors
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar received numerous awards and honors throughout his career, recognizing his contributions to diplomacy and international cooperation. These awards include the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding, the Olof Palme Prize, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

### Legacy and Influence
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar's legacy as Secretary-General of the United Nations is marked by his leadership during the Cold War and his advocacy for human rights and international cooperation. His efforts to establish the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia were groundbreaking and set a precedent for addressing international crimes. His work in promoting the development of international humanitarian law and the protection of human rights continues to influence global efforts to address these issues.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Javier_P%C3%A9rez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar)
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4. [CNN](https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/muere-javier-perez-de-cuella-diplomatico-peru-exsecretario-general-onu-obit-pkg/)
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8. [Javier Pérez de Cuéllar Dies at 100; U.N. Chief Brokered Peace Pacts. 2020](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/obituaries/javier-perez-de-cuellar-dead.html)
9. Czech National Authority Database
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11. [Muere el exsecretario general de la ONU Javier Pérez de Cuellar](https://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20200305/473972816439/muere-exsecretario-general-onu-javier-perez-cuellar.html)
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19. Le Monde. 1985
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27. SNAC
28. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
29. Munzinger Personen
30. [Javier Pérez de Cuéllar: Diplomático falleció este miércoles a los 100 años](https://gestion.pe/peru/politica/javier-perez-de-cuellar-diplomatico-fallecio-este-miercoles-a-los-100-anos-nndc-noticia/)
31. [Falleció a los 100 años Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, exsecretario general de la ONU. CNN](https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/muere-javier-perez-de-cuella-diplomatico-peru-exsecretario-general-onu-obit-pkg/)
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36. CONOR.SI
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39. [Source](https://www.un.org/sg/es/formersg/javier.shtml)
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