# Java

> island of Indonesia

**Wikidata**: [Q3757](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3757)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/java-q3757

## Summary
Java is an island in Indonesia, part of the larger Indonesian archipelago. It is the world's most populous island, with a population exceeding 160 million people, and serves as the cultural and economic heart of the country. The island is known for its rich biodiversity, historical significance, and contributions to global culture, including Batik art and Gamelan music.

## Key Facts
- **Location:** Part of Indonesia, situated between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
- **Population:** Approximately 160,293,748 (2023 estimate).
- **Coordinates:** Roughly 7°S 110°E.
- **Major Cities:** Jakarta (capital), Surabaya, Yogyakarta.
- **Ethnic Groups:** Dominantly Javanese (over 40% of Indonesia's population).
- **Languages:** Indonesian (official), Javanese (local dialect).
- **Economy:** Major contributor to Indonesia's GDP, with industries in agriculture, manufacturing, and technology.
- **Cultural Significance:** Known for Batik, Gamelan music, and traditional dances like Ulek Mayang.
- **Geography:** Covers an area of approximately 133,500 square kilometers.
- **Highest Point:** Mount Semeru (3,676 meters).
- **Volcanic Activity:** Home to active volcanoes like Merapi and Merbabu.
- **UNESCO Sites:** Includes Borobudur Temple and Prambanan Temple.
- **Transportation:** Major ports include Tanjung Priok (Jakarta) and Surabaya.

## FAQs
**What is the significance of Java in Indonesian history?**
Java played a central role in Indonesian independence, with key figures like Sukarno and Sukarno's wife, Fatmawati, originating from the island. The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made in Jakarta, the capital of Java.

**What are the major cities on Java?**
The most populous cities on Java include Jakarta (the national capital), Surabaya (east coast), and Yogyakarta (cultural hub). Each city has distinct economic and cultural roles.

**What is the climate like on Java?**
Java has a tropical climate with two main seasons: the wet season (November–March) and the dry season (April–October). The island experiences frequent earthquakes due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire.

**What are the major industries on Java?**
Java is a hub for agriculture (rice, coffee, tea), manufacturing, and technology. Jakarta is a financial and business center, while Surabaya is an industrial and port city.

**What are the major cultural exports from Java?**
Java is renowned for Batik (traditional textile art), Gamelan music, and traditional dances like Ulek Mayang. These cultural elements are globally recognized and celebrated.

## Why It Matters
Java is the cultural and economic backbone of Indonesia, driving the nation's GDP and influencing global trade. Its strategic location between the Indian and Pacific Oceans makes it a key maritime hub, facilitating international shipping routes. The island's rich biodiversity and historical sites, such as Borobudur and Prambanan, attract millions of tourists annually, contributing significantly to Indonesia's tourism industry. Additionally, Java's technological advancements, including the rise of companies like Gojek, position Indonesia as a major player in the digital economy.

## Notable For
- **Population Density:** Home to over 160 million people, making it the most populous island in the world.
- **Cultural Heritage:** Known for Batik, Gamelan music, and traditional dances like Ulek Mayang.
- **Economic Hub:** Jakarta is Indonesia's financial and business capital, while Surabaya is a major industrial and port city.
- **Historical Significance:** The site of Indonesia's independence proclamation in 1945.
- **Biodiversity:** Hosts diverse ecosystems, including rainforests and active volcanoes.
- **UNESCO Sites:** Includes Borobudur and Prambanan, two of Indonesia's most famous temples.
- **Technological Innovation:** Home to companies like Gojek, a leading digital super-app in Southeast Asia.

## Body
### Geography and Location
Java is the largest island in Indonesia, stretching approximately 1,300 kilometers from east to west. It is divided into two main regions: West Java and East Java. The island is part of the Sunda Shelf and is known for its volcanic activity, with notable peaks like Mount Semeru (3,676 meters) and Mount Merapi (2,968 meters). The island's coastline is dotted with ports, including Tanjung Priok in Jakarta and Surabaya, which are crucial for international trade.

### Demographics and Society
Java is home to over 160 million people, making it the most populous island in the world. The Javanese ethnic group constitutes the majority, with significant populations of Sundanese and Betawi. The island's population is diverse, with a mix of urban and rural communities. Jakarta, the capital, is the most populous city, while Yogyakarta is a cultural and educational hub. The island's literacy rate is high, with over 95% of the population able to read and write.

### Economy and Development
Java contributes significantly to Indonesia's GDP, with key industries including agriculture, manufacturing, and technology. Jakarta is the financial and business center, while Surabaya is an industrial and port city. The island is also a hub for technology, with companies like Gojek leading the digital economy. The economy is supported by a strong infrastructure, including major ports and airports.

### Culture and Symbols
Java is renowned for its cultural heritage, including Batik, Gamelan music, and traditional dances like Ulek Mayang. The island's cultural symbols include the Garuda Pancasila, the national emblem, and the flag of Indonesia. Public holidays on Java include Independence Day (August 17) and Islamic holidays like Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The tourism slogan "Wonderful Indonesia" highlights the island's cultural and natural attractions.

### Historical Significance
Java played a central role in Indonesian independence, with key figures like Sukarno and Sukarno's wife, Fatmawati, originating from the island. The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made in Jakarta in 1945. The island's history is marked by colonial rule, independence movements, and post-independence development. Notable historical sites include Borobudur and Prambanan, which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

### Infrastructure and Technical Standards
Java has a well-developed infrastructure, including major ports like Tanjung Priok in Jakarta and Surabaya. The island's transportation network includes railways, roads, and airports. The electrical grid operates at 127V and 230V at 50Hz, with Europlug and Schuko electrical plug types. The telephone country code is +62, and the internet top-level domain is .id.

### Related Entities and Organizations
Java is associated with various entities and platforms, including the Indonesian People's Online Aspiration and Complaint Service, which provides a channel for citizens to lodge complaints with government agencies. The island is also home to cultural archives like Irama Nusantara, an online music database for Indonesian music. Notable technology companies include Gojek, a super-app for ride-hailing and logistics.

### External Identifiers and Technical Data
Java is cataloged in numerous international databases and systems, including GeoNames (1643084) and Getty TGN (1000116). The island's legal and trade identifiers include UNDP country code (INS) and WIPO ST.3 (ID). The National Archives of Indonesia holds official historical records related to Java.

## References

1. archINFORM
2. Source
3. Gazetteer of the Republic of Indonesia, Island Landform Elements, Volume 3, 2024 Edition
4. Virtual International Authority File
5. [Source](https://github.com/JohnMarkOckerbloom/ftl/blob/master/data/wikimap)
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. The National Terminology Database for Irish
8. GeoNames
9. BBC Things
10. BabelNet
11. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
12. [Source](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/cava)
13. KBpedia
14. museum-digital