# James II of England

> King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688 (1633–1701)

**Wikidata**: [Q126188](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126188)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/james-ii-of-england

## Summary
James II of England was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688. He was a member of the House of Stuart and is known for his brief and controversial reign, which ended with the Glorious Revolution. James II was also a Fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the Order of the Garter.

## Biography
- **Born**: October 14, 1633
- **Died**: September 5, 1701
- **Nationality**: Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland
- **Known for**: Reigning as King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688
- **Employer(s)**: Monarch of the Kingdom of England, Scotland, and Ireland
- **Field(s)**: Politics, monarchy

## Contributions
James II of England's contributions include:
- **Reign as King**: James II ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688. His reign was marked by political and religious conflicts, culminating in the Glorious Revolution.
- **Fellow of the Royal Society**: James II was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, an English learned society for science, in London.
- **Order of the Garter**: James II was a member of the Order of the Garter, an order of chivalry in England.
- **Founding of Jamestown**: The city of Jamestown, the capital of Saint Helena, was named after James II of England.
- **Naming of New York City**: New York City was named after James II of England and the city of York.

## FAQs
### What was James II of England's role in British history?
James II of England was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688. His reign was marked by political and religious conflicts, culminating in the Glorious Revolution, which led to his deposition.

### What institutions was James II of England associated with?
James II of England was a Fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the Order of the Garter. These associations highlight his involvement in scientific and chivalric institutions.

### What cities were named after James II of England?
The city of Jamestown, the capital of Saint Helena, was named after James II of England. Additionally, New York City was named after James II of England and the city of York.

### What was the Glorious Revolution?
The Glorious Revolution was a period of political and religious conflict in England that culminated in the deposition of James II of England in 1688. This event led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England.

### What was James II of England's relationship with the Royal Society?
James II of England was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, an English learned society for science. This association highlights his involvement in scientific institutions.

### What was James II of England's relationship with the Order of the Garter?
James II of England was a member of the Order of the Garter, an order of chivalry in England. This association highlights his involvement in chivalric institutions.

## Why They Matter
James II of England's reign was pivotal in shaping the political and religious landscape of late 17th-century Britain. His deposition during the Glorious Revolution marked a significant shift towards constitutional monarchy in England. His associations with the Royal Society and the Order of the Garter highlight his involvement in scientific and chivalric institutions. The naming of cities like Jamestown and New York City after him underscores his lasting impact on global geography and history.

## Notable For
- Reigning as King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688
- Being a Fellow of the Royal Society
- Being a member of the Order of the Garter
- Having the city of Jamestown named after him
- Having New York City named after him and the city of York

## Body

### Early Life and Education
James II of England was born on October 14, 1633. He was the second surviving son of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France. James was educated in the arts, languages, and governance, preparing him for his eventual role as king.

### Reign and Political Context
James II became King of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1685, following the death of his brother, Charles II. His reign was marked by political and religious conflicts, particularly his attempts to promote Catholicism in a predominantly Protestant country. These conflicts culminated in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which led to his deposition.

### Associations and Memberships
James II was a Fellow of the Royal Society, an English learned society for science. He was also a member of the Order of the Garter, an order of chivalry in England. These associations highlight his involvement in scientific and chivalric institutions.

### Legacy and Naming
The city of Jamestown, the capital of Saint Helena, was named after James II of England. Additionally, New York City was named after James II of England and the city of York. These namings underscore his lasting impact on global geography and history.

### Family and Succession
James II was succeeded by his daughter, Mary II, and her husband, William III, who ruled jointly as William and Mary. His reign and deposition marked a significant shift towards constitutional monarchy in England.

### Influence on Art and Culture
James II's reign saw the commissioning of various artworks and cultural projects. His portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller is one of the most notable representations of his reign.

### Final Years and Legacy
James II died on September 5, 1701. His legacy in politics, religion, and culture continues to be studied and debated by historians and scholars. His contributions to the monarchy, scientific institutions, and global geography remain significant in British history.

## References

1. Catalog of the German National Library
2. Integrated Authority File
3. Source
4. National Library of Wales archives and manuscripts catalogue
5. The Complete Peerage, XII (part 2). Tracton to Zouche
6. The Peerage
7. Britain’s involvement with New World slavery and the transatlantic slave trade
8. Virtual International Authority File
9. CiNii Research
10. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
11. SNAC
12. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
13. Proleksis Encyclopedia
14. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
15. Autoritats UB
16. BBC Things
17. Shakeosphere
18. LIBRIS. 2012
19. [Source](https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Jakub-II;3916422.html)
20. FactGrid
21. Sejm-Wielki.pl
22. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands