# James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales

> pretender to the English, Scottish and Irish throne (1688-1766)

**Wikidata**: [Q211681](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211681)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/james-francis-edward-stuart-prince-of-wales

## Summary
James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales, was a pretender to the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones. Known by aliases such as "the Old Pretender" and the "Chevalier de St. George," he was a significant figure in the history of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of England.

## Biography
- **Born:** June 10, 1688
- **Died:** January 1, 1766
- **Nationality:** Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of England
- **Occupation:** Pretender
- **Known for:** Claiming the throne as the rightful holder during a period of vacancy or dispute.
- **Instance of:** Human

## Contributions
James Francis Edward Stuart's primary contribution to history lies in his role as a claimant to the throne. As a pretender, he asserted his right to the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, challenging the established constitutional monarchies of his time. His claim positioned him in opposition to the succession that led to the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

## FAQs
**What was James Francis Edward Stuart's role in history?**
He was a pretender to the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, claiming to be the rightful holder of these positions.

**What aliases was James Francis Edward Stuart known by?**
He was also known as Jacques Édouard Stuart, Chevalier de St. George, the Old Pretender, and James Francis Edward Stuart.

**Which kingdoms did James Francis Edward Stuart have citizenship in?**
According to records, he held citizenship in the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of England.

**What is the definition of a pretender?**
A pretender is defined as someone who claims to be the rightful holder of a throne that is vacant or held by another.

## Why They Matter
James Francis Edward Stuart matters as a central figure in the dynastic disputes of the British Isles. His claim to the throne represented a challenge to the Acts of Union and the succession laws that shaped the transition from the Kingdom of England to the Kingdom of Great Britain. His existence as a "pretender" highlights the political instability and contested legitimacy of the monarchy during the 18th century.

## Notable For
- Being the "Old Pretender" to the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones.
- Holding the title of Prince of Wales.
- Being a citizen of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of England.
- Being the subject of a portrait by Alexis Simon Belle.
- Having a coat of arms specifically for the Stuart Princes of Wales (1610-1688).

## Body

### Identity and Names
James Francis Edward Stuart is identified as a human and a pretender. He is recognized by several aliases, including Jacques Édouard Stuart, chevalier de St. George, Jacques Edouard Stuart, Chevalier St. George, and "the Old Pretender." His signature is preserved as "Unterschrift James-Francis-Edward-Stuart (Jacques R,) (1688–1766)."

### Historical Context of Claims
Stuart's claim to the throne directly relates to the history of the British Isles. The Kingdom of England, a historic kingdom on the British Isles (927–1649; 1660–1707), was a predecessor to the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Kingdom of Great Britain was a constitutional monarchy in Western Europe that existed from 1707 to 1800, formed by the union of England and Scotland. Stuart's status as a pretender places him in the context of the transition between these political entities.

### Timeline
Records indicate his life span with specific timestamps. He was born on June 10, 1688. A significant event in his recognition or status occurred on October 15, 1688. He died on January 1, 1766.

### Heraldry and Imagery
Visual representations of Stuart include an image file titled "Prince James Francis Edward Stuart by Alexis Simon Belle.jpg." His coat of arms is documented as "Coat of Arms of the Stuart Princes of Wales (1610-1688).svg."

### Related Entities
Stuart's life is connected to the broader history of the Kingdom of Great Britain. This kingdom had London as its capital, used the pound sterling as currency, and was replaced by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Kingdom of England, which preceded the union, had a population of 5,750,000 and was centered around London.

### External Identifiers
Stuart is cataloged extensively across digital and academic databases. His Freebase ID is /m/0gs2_, and his Wikidata description is "pretender to the English, Scottish and Irish throne." He has identifiers in VIAF (2446184), ISNI (0000000080147811), and the Library of Congress (n50028952). Other systems include the BNF (12349335f), Sudoc (032469012), and the National Library of the Netherlands (240466). His Wikipedia title is "James Francis Edward Stuart," and he has a sitelink count of 49. Additional identifiers include the Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID (biography/James-Edward-the-Old-Pretender) and the Find a Grave Memorial ID (8906).

## References

1. Union List of Artist Names. 2016
2. Integrated Authority File
3. Source
4. LIBRIS. 2016
5. The Peerage
6. International Standard Name Identifier
7. Virtual International Authority File
8. BnF authorities
9. SNAC
10. Find a Grave
11. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
12. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
13. Norwegian Authority File: Persons and Corporate Bodies
14. CERL Thesaurus
15. Sejm-Wielki.pl
16. National Library of Israel Names and Subjects Authority File