# Jaén

> municipality in Spain

**Wikidata**: [Q15681](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15681)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaén,_Spain)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/ja-n

## Summary
Jaén is a municipality and capital city in the province of Jaén, located in the Andalusia region of Spain. Situated at an elevation of 558 meters above sea level, it serves as an administrative hub and has a population of approximately 112,000 residents. Historically significant as the capital of the Kingdom of Jaén and the Taifa of Jaén, the city is known for its cultural heritage, including landmarks like Jaén Cathedral and the Arab Baths of Jaén.

## Key Facts
- **Country:** Spain
- **Official Name:** Jaén
- **Aliases:** Jaén City, city of Jaén
- **Instance of:** Human settlement, big city, populated place nucleus, city, municipality capital
- **INE Code:** 23050000901
- **Population:** 111,669 (2022); 107,215 (2024, resident register for municipality capital)
- **Elevation:** 558 meters above sea level
- **Timezone:** UTC+01:00
- **Coordinates:** 37.76922°N, -3.79028°W (primary source); 37.7651913°N, -3.7903594°W (secondary source)
- **Capital Of:** Jaén, Kingdom of Jaén, Taifa of Jaén, Guadalquivir Alto
- **Significant Events:** Siege of Jaén (multiple occurrences)
- **Geonames ID:** 2516395
- **Who's On First ID:** 404337019
- **Yale Lux ID:** place/52b31a0d-346b-4376-bce4-57c5ef60acb1
- **Museum Digital Place ID:** 56834
- **Wikipedia Languages:** Cebuano (ceb)
- **Website:** http://www.aytojaen.es/
- **Inception:** 825 AD
- **Coordinates:** lat: 37.769722222222, lon: -3.7888888888889
- **Sitelink Count:** 88
- **Wikidata Description:** municipality in Spain

## FAQs
**What is the population of Jaén?**
The city had a population of 111,669 in 2022. According to the 2024 resident register specifically for the municipality capital, the population is recorded as 107,215.

**What administrative role does Jaén play?**
Jaén is classified as a municipality capital and a big city. It is located within the province of Jaén in Spain and uses the administrative INE code 23050000901.

**What is the geographical location of Jaén?**
The city is situated in Spain at coordinates approximately 37.77°N, -3.79°W. It rests at an elevation of 558 meters above sea level and operates in the UTC+01:00 timezone.

**What historical entities has Jaén served as capital for?**
Beyond its current role, Jaén has historically been the capital of the Kingdom of Jaén, the Taifa of Jaén, and the region known as Guadalquivir Alto.

**What are some notable landmarks in Jaén?**
Jaén is home to several significant landmarks, including Jaén Cathedral, the Arab Baths of Jaén, the Castle of Santa Catalina, and the Estadio de la Victoria.

**What is the history of Jaén?**
Jaén's history is marked by significant events such as the Siege of Jaén, which occurred multiple times. The city was founded in 825 AD and has served as a capital for various historical entities.

**What is the economic and infrastructural status of Jaén?**
Jaén is a well-developed city with modern infrastructure, including a tramway system (Jaén Tram) and a railway station (Jaén railway station). The city also has a public university, the University of Jaén, founded in 1993.

## Why It Matters
Jaén holds significance as a major urban center and administrative hub in Spain, classified formally as a "big city" and "municipality capital." Its historical relevance is underscored by its former status as the capital of the Taifa of Jaén and the Kingdom of Jaén, indicating a long-standing political and strategic importance in the region. The city has been the site of significant historical military actions, notably the Siege of Jaén, which shaped its developmental trajectory. Today, it remains a pivotal population center in the Guadalquivir Alto region, contributing to the cultural and economic landscape of Andalusia.

## Notable For
- **Historical Capital Status:** Unique for having served as the capital for three distinct entities: the Taifa of Jaén, the Kingdom of Jaén, and Guadalquivir Alto.
- **Elevation:** Positioned at a specific elevation of 558 meters, distinguishing it geographically within the Spanish landscape.
- **Multiple Sieges:** Noted for enduring the "Siege of Jaén" multiple times, a feature highlighted in its significant events.
- **Administrative Classification:** Recognized distinctly as a "municipality capital" with a specific INE code (23050000901) applying to that status.
- **Cultural Heritage:** Home to several significant cultural properties, including Jaén Cathedral, the Arab Baths of Jaén, and the Castle of Santa Catalina.
- **Educational Institution:** Hosts the University of Jaén, a public university founded in 1993.
- **Transportation Infrastructure:** Features a tramway system (Jaén Tram) and a railway station (Jaén railway station), enhancing its connectivity and accessibility.

## Body

### Geography and Location
Jaén is a human settlement and populated place nucleus located in Spain. The city's geographical coordinates are recorded as latitude 37.76922 and longitude -3.79028, with a secondary coordinate set at 37.7651913, -3.7903594. It is situated at an elevation of 558 meters above sea level. The city falls within the UTC+01:00 timezone.

### Demographics
The population of Jaén has been tracked across different years with varying methodologies. In 2022, the population was recorded at 111,669. A more specific data point from 2024 indicates a population of 107,215 for the "municipality capital" specifically, determined via the resident register method.

### Administrative and Political Status
Jaén functions as a "big city" and is officially recognized as a municipality capital. It is assigned the INE code 23050000901 (qualifier: Jaén). The city is located within the broader region of Jaén (value: Jaén) and serves as the capital for the region. Historically, it held the capital status for the Taifa of Jaén, the Kingdom of Jaén, and the region of Guadalquivir Alto.

### Heraldry and Symbols
The city possesses distinct heraldic symbols, including the "flag of Jaén" and the "coat of arms of Jaén."
- **Flag Image:** https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bandera_de_Jaén.svg
- **Coat of Arms Image:** https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Escudo_de_la_ciudad_de_Jaén.svg

### History
The history of Jaén (referenced by topic ID ) is marked by the significant event of the "Siege of Jaén," which is listed multiple times in the city's record, suggesting repeated military engagements or a singular event of such importance it is multiply referenced. A notable image associated with the city is the "Monumento a las Batallas" (Monument to the Battles), reflecting this martial history: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jaén_–_Monumento_a_las_Batallas.jpg.

### Database Identifiers
Jaén is indexed in multiple geographical and knowledge databases:
- **Geonames ID:** 2516395
- **Who's On First ID:** 404337019
- **Yale Lux ID:** place/52b31a0d-346b-4376-bce4-57c5ef60acb1
- **Museum Digital Place ID:** 56834
- **Wikidata Description:** Settlement in Spain
- **Wikipedia Coverage:** Available in the Cebuano language (ceb).

### Landmarks and Cultural Properties
Jaén is home to several notable landmarks and cultural properties:
- **Jaén Cathedral:** A cathedral in Andalusia, Spain, with an inception date of 1249.
- **Arab Baths of Jaén:** Cultural property in Jaén, Spain, with an inception date of 1002.
- **Castle of Santa Catalina:** A cultural property in Jaén, Spain.
- **Estadio de la Victoria:** A multi-use stadium in Jaén, Spain, with an inception date of October 29, 1944.
- **Sierra de la Pandera:** A Spanish mountain in Valdepeñas de Jaén.
- **University of Jaén:** A public university based in Jaén, Andalucía, Spain, founded on July 1, 1993.
- **Jaén Tram:** A tramway system of the city of Jaén in Spain, with an inception date of May 3, 2011.
- **Jaén railway station:** A railway station in Jaén, Spain.
- **La Victoria Stadium:** A stadium in Jaén, Spain.
- **Plaza de Toros de Jaén:** A bullring in Jaén, Spain.

### Related Entities
Jaén is part of several related entities and projects:
- **Metropolitan comarca of Jaén:** A comarca in the province of Jaén, Andalusia, Spain.
- **Jaén Province:** A province of Spain, with an inception date of 1833.
- **Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaén:** A diocese of the Catholic Church in Spain, with headquarters in Jaén.
- **Guadiana Menor:** A river in Spain.
- **Jaén River:** A watercourse in Spain.

### Administrative Divisions
Jaén is part of the broader administrative divisions of Spain, including the province of Jaén and the autonomous community of Andalusia. The city is also part of the Metropolitan comarca of Jaén, which is a comarca in the province of Jaén, Andalusia, Spain.

### Economic and Infrastructural Status
Jaén is a well-developed city with modern infrastructure. It features a tramway system (Jaén Tram) and a railway station (Jaén railway station), enhancing its connectivity and accessibility. The city also has a public university, the University of Jaén, founded in 1993, contributing to its educational and cultural landscape.

### Cultural and Historical Significance
Jaén's cultural and historical significance is underscored by its status as the capital of the Kingdom of Jaén and the Taifa of Jaén. The city's rich history is reflected in its landmarks, such as Jaén Cathedral and the Arab Baths of Jaén, which attract visitors and scholars alike. The city's heraldic symbols, including the flag and coat of arms, further emphasize its historical and cultural importance.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.aytojaen.es/portal/p_20_contenedor1.jsp?seccion=s_lloc_d11_v2.jsp&codbusqueda=225&language=es&codResi=1&codMenuPN=1&codMenuSN=285&codMenu=286)
2. Nomenclátor Geográfico de Municipios y Entidades de Población (20240402 edition)
3. [2020](https://andalucia.notariado.org/liferay/c/document_library/get_file?=11510482&folderId=15173850&name=DLFE-1486391.pdf)
4. [Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía. 2003](http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/boja/boletines/2003/59/d/updf/d1.pdf)
5. OpenStreetMap
6. [Source](https://www.worlddata.info/europe/spain/timezones.php)
7. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
8. Virtual International Authority File
9. MusicBrainz
10. Municipal Register of Spain 2013
11. Municipal Register of Spain 2012
12. Municipal Register of Spain 2011
13. Municipal Register of Spain 2010
14. Municipal Register of Spain 2009
15. Municipal Register of Spain 2008
16. Municipal Register of Spain 2007
17. Municipal Register of Spain 2006
18. Municipal Register of Spain 2005
19. Municipal Register of Spain 2004
20. Municipal Register of Spain 2002
21. Municipal Register of Spain 2001
22. Municipal Register of Spain 2014
23. Municipal Register of Spain 2015
24. Municipal Register of Spain 2016
25. Municipal Register of Spain 2017
26. Municipal Register of Spain 2018
27. [Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero. National Statistics Institute](http://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?padre=525)
28. Municipal Register of Spain 2019
29. Municipal Register of Spain 2020
30. Municipal Register of Spain of 2021
31. Municipal Register of Spain of 2022
32. Municipal Register of Spain of 2023
33. Municipal Register of Spain of 2024
34. Municipal Register of Spain of 2025
35. Flickr Shapefiles Public Dataset 2.0
36. List of Municipalities and their Codes by Provinces as of January 1, 2019
37. [Source](https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index.htm?padre=517&capsel=525)
38. [Source](https://www.ine.es/widgets/nomen2/index.shtml)
39. GeoNames
40. Límites municipales, provinciales y autonómicos
41. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)