# iPSC/860
**Wikidata**: [Q69629993](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69629993)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/ipsc-860-q69629993

## Summary
The iPSC/860 is a supercomputer manufactured by Intel, featuring 128 processor cores and achieving peak performance of 5.12 gigaflops during its TOP500 rankings between 1993 and 1995. It represents Intel's early entry into high-performance computing with parallel processing capabilities.

## Key Facts
- **Type**: Supercomputer  
- **Manufacturer**: Intel (founded 1968-07-18, headquartered in Santa Clara, United States)  
- **TOP500 System ID**: 191  
- **Processor Cores**: 128  
- **Peak Performance (Rpeak)**: 5.12 gigaflops  
- **Sustained Performance (Rmax)**: 2.6 gigaflops  
- **Active Measurement Period**: November 1993 to December 1995 (5 documented benchmarks)  
- **Industry Context**: Intel operates in semiconductor and electrical industries  

## FAQs  
### Q: What company manufactured the iPSC/860?  
A: The iPSC/860 was manufactured by Intel, an American multinational technology company established in 1968.  

### Q: How many processor cores did the iPSC/860 have?  
A: The iPSC/860 featured 128 processor cores, reflecting its design for parallel computing tasks.  

### Q: When was the iPSC/860 included in the TOP500 list?  
A: It was benchmarked in the TOP500 list from November 1993 to December 1995, with system ID 191.  

### Q: What performance metrics did the iPSC/860 achieve?  
A: Consistently maintained a sustained performance (Rmax) of 2.6 gigaflops and peak performance (Rpeak) of 5.12 gigaflops across all measured periods.  

### Q: Where is Intel headquartered?  
A: Intel is headquartered in Santa Clara, California, United States, at 2200 Mission College Boulevard.  

## Why It Matters  
The iPSC/860 was significant as one of Intel's earliest supercomputing deployments, demonstrating the company's expansion into high-performance computing markets beyond traditional CPUs. With its 128-core parallel architecture, it contributed to advancements in computational research during the mid-1990s. Its consistent TOP500 rankings from 1993–1995 underscore its reliability in scientific and technical workloads, influencing subsequent designs in multi-core processors and parallel computing systems. Though modest by modern standards, it represented a milestone in bridging commercial semiconductor manufacturing with academic supercomputing.  

## Notable For  
- **Early Supercomputer**: Intel's first major supercomputer entry, showcasing parallel processing innovation beyond its core business.  
- **Consistent Benchmarks**: Maintained identical Rmax (2.6 GFLOPS) and Rpeak (5.12 GFLOPS) across all TOP500 measurements from 1993–1995.  
- **Core Count**: Featured 128 processor cores at a time when multi-core supercomputing was nascent.  
- **TOP500 Presence**: Ranked among the world's top supercomputers during its operational period, with system ID 191.  

## Body  
### Specifications  
- **Manufacturer**: Intel  
- **Instance Of**: Supercomputer  
- **TOP500 System ID**: 191  
- **Processor Cores**: 128  
- **Performance Metrics**:  
  - **Rmax (Sustained)**: 2.6 GFLOPS  
  - **Rpeak (Peak)**: 5.12 GFLOPS  
- **Benchmark Dates**:  
  - 1993-11-01: Rmax 2.6 GFLOPS, Rpeak 5.12 GFLOPS  
  - 1994-06-01: Rmax 2.6 GFLOPS, Rpeak 5.12 GFLOPS  
  - 1994-11-01: Rmax 2.6 GFLOPS, Rpeak 5.12 GFLOPS  
  - 1995-06-01: Rmax 2.6 GFLOPS, Rpeak 5.12 GFLOPS  
  - 1995-12-01: Rmax 2.6 GFLOPS, Rpeak 5.12 GFLOPS  

### Manufacturer Context  
- **Founded**: 1968-07-18  
- **Headquarters**: Santa Clara, California, United States  
- **Address**: 2200 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA 95052-8119  
- **Industry**: Semiconductor industry, electrical industry  
- **Global Presence**: Operates in the United States (country of origin)  

### Performance History  
The iPSC/860 participated in five TOP500 benchmark cycles between November 1993 and December 1995. It recorded no fluctuation in performance metrics during this period, maintaining a sustained processing speed of 2.6 GFLOPS (Rmax) and a theoretical peak of 5.12 GFLOPS (Rpeak). This consistency underscored the stability of its parallel architecture for scientific and engineering applications in the early-to-mid 1990s.