# Investigation of AC Copper Loss Considering Effect of Field and Armature Excitation on IPMSM With Hairpin Winding

> Research article (IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2023) · cited 30× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4313855756](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4313855756)  
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