# International Space Station

> modular space station in low Earth orbit

**Wikidata**: [Q25271](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25271)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/international-space-station

## Summary

The International Space Station received the Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation[1].

## Summary
The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular space station in low Earth orbit, serving as a crewed research laboratory and international collaboration project. Launched in 1998, it is the largest artificial satellite in Earth's orbit and has been continuously inhabited since 2000, hosting astronauts from multiple countries for scientific experiments and long-duration space missions.

## Key Facts
- **Classifications**: Artificial satellite of Earth, space station, and space laboratory.
- **Inception**: First module (Zarya) launched on November 20, 1998.
- **Mass**: Approximately 419,725 kilograms.
- **Dimensions**: Length of 66.4 meters, width of 94.5 meters (Integrated Truss Structure).
- **Operators**: Managed by NASA (US Orbital Segment), Roscosmos (Russian Orbital Segment), ESA (Columbus/Cupola), JAXA (Kibo), and CSA (Mobile Servicing System).
- **Orbit**: Low Earth orbit, with an orbital period of 92.88 minutes.
- **Maximum Capacity**: Supports up to 7 astronauts.
- **Volume**: Approximately 1,005 cubic meters.
- **Social Media Presence**: Active on Twitter (@Space_Station), Facebook (ISS), and Instagram (@iss).

## FAQs
### Q: How many countries are involved in the ISS project?
A: The ISS involves contributions from the United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, and Canada.

### Q: What is the primary purpose of the ISS?
A: The ISS serves as a space laboratory for scientific research, including experiments in biology, physics, astronomy, and meteorology.

### Q: How long has the ISS been continuously inhabited?
A: The ISS has been continuously inhabited since November 2, 2000, when Expedition 1 arrived.

### Q: What are some notable modules of the ISS?
A: Notable modules include Zarya, Unity, Zvezda, Destiny, Columbus, and Kibo, each contributing to different aspects of the station's functionality.

### Q: How can I watch live footage from the ISS?
A: Live footage is available on NASA's ISS High Definition Earth Viewing (HDEV) webcam and YouTube channels.

## Why It Matters
The International Space Station represents a monumental achievement in human space exploration, serving as a symbol of international cooperation and scientific advancement. Since its inception, the ISS has facilitated groundbreaking research in microgravity environments, contributing to medical, technological, and environmental discoveries. It has also supported long-duration human spaceflight, providing valuable data on the effects of prolonged exposure to space. The station's modular design allows for continuous upgrades and expansion, ensuring its relevance in future space missions. Beyond its scientific contributions, the ISS inspires global interest in space exploration and fosters collaboration among nations in addressing global challenges.

## Notable For
- **Longest Continuous Human Presence in Space**: Over 23 years of continuous habitation.
- **Largest Artificial Satellite**: The ISS is the largest artificial satellite in Earth's orbit.
- **International Collaboration**: Involves contributions from 15 countries.
- **Scientific Research Hub**: Hosts over 3,000 experiments in various fields.
- **Modular Design**: Allows for continuous upgrades and expansion.

## Body
### Overview
The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular space station in low Earth orbit, serving as a crewed research laboratory and international collaboration project. Launched in 1998, it is the largest artificial satellite in Earth's orbit and has been continuously inhabited since 2000, hosting astronauts from multiple countries for scientific experiments and long-duration space missions.

### History and Development
- **Inception**: The ISS was conceived as a successor to the Space Station Freedom project, with assembly beginning in 1998.
- **First Module**: Zarya, launched on November 20, 1998, by Russia.
- **Continuous Habitation**: Expedition 1 arrived on November 2, 2000, marking the start of continuous human presence.

### Structure and Components
- **Modules**: Includes Zarya, Unity, Zvezda, Destiny, Columbus, Kibo, and Harmony.
- **Dimensions**: Length of 66.4 meters, width of 94.5 meters (Integrated Truss Structure).
- **Mass**: Approximately 419,725 kilograms.
- **Volume**: Approximately 1,005 cubic meters.

### Operations and Research
- **Operators**: Managed by NASA (US Orbital Segment), Roscosmos (Russian Orbital Segment), ESA (Columbus/Cupola), JAXA (Kibo), and CSA (Mobile Servicing System).
- **Scientific Research**: Hosts over 3,000 experiments in biology, physics, astronomy, and meteorology.
- **Maximum Capacity**: Supports up to 7 astronauts.

### Orbit and Technical Specifications
- **Orbit**: Low Earth orbit, with an orbital period of 92.88 minutes.
- **Apoapsis**: 422 kilometers.
- **Periapsis**: 409 kilometers.
- **Orbital Inclination**: 51.6401 degrees.

### Social Media and Public Engagement
- **Twitter**: @Space_Station, with over 5.9 million followers.
- **Facebook**: ISS page, verified account.
- **Instagram**: @iss, verified account.
- **Live Footage**: Available on NASA's ISS High Definition Earth Viewing (HDEV) webcam and YouTube channels.

### Awards and Recognition
- **Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation**: Received in 2001.

### Future and Legacy
- **Continuous Expansion**: The ISS continues to be upgraded and expanded, ensuring its role in future space missions.
- **Inspiration and Collaboration**: The ISS inspires global interest in space exploration and fosters collaboration among nations.

```json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "SpaceStation",
  "name": "International Space Station",
  "description": "A modular space station in low Earth orbit serving as a crewed research laboratory and international collaboration project.",
  "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/",
  "sameAs": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811977", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station"],
  "additionalType": ["SpaceLaboratory", "ArtificialSatellite"]
}

## References

1. [Source](http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/np-2015-05-022-jsc-iss-guide-2015-update-111015-508c.pdf)
2. [Source](https://www.esa.int/Space_in_Member_States/Spain/La_Estacion_Espacial_Internacional_ISS_recibe_el_Premio_Principe_de_Asturias_2001_por_la_Cooperacion_Internacional)
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22. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
23. [Source](https://www.esa.int/Space_in_Member_States/Spain/Participacion_de_Espana_en_las_misiones_de_la_ESA)
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