# Interaction Force Estimation Using Camera and Electrical Current Without Force/Torque Sensor

> Research article (IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018) · cited 28× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2891374175](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2891374175)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/interaction-force-estimation-using-camera-and-electrical-current-without-force-torque-sensor