# Innovative approaches to surface water quality management: advancing nitrate (NO3) forecasting with hybrid CNN-LSTM and CNN-GRU techniques

> Research article (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2025) · cited 10× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4406615776](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4406615776)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/innovative-approaches-to-surface-water-quality-management-advancing-nitrate-no3-forecasting-with-hybrid-cnn-lstm-and-cnn