# Implementing novel hybrid models to improve indirect measurement of the daily soil temperature: Elman neural network coupled with gravitational search algorithm and ant colony optimization

> Research article (Measurement, 2020) · cited 45× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3036869571](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3036869571)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/implementing-novel-hybrid-models-to-improve-indirect-measurement-of-the-daily-soil-temperature-elman-neural-network-coup