# Implementation of a TSMCSPO Controller on a 3-DOF Hydraulic Manipulator for Position Tracking and Sensor-Less Force Estimation

> Research article (IEEE Access, 2019) · cited 15× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2989804710](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2989804710)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/implementation-of-a-tsmcspo-controller-on-a-3-dof-hydraulic-manipulator-for-position-tracking-and-sensor-less-force-esti