# Ilya Frank > Soviet physicist **Wikidata**: [Q192703](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192703) **Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Frank) **Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/ilya-frank ## Summary Ilya Frank was born on October 10, 1908, in Saint Petersburg and died on June 22, 1990, in Moscow [1][2][1][3][4][5][6]. He held citizenship in both the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire and was a physicist and university teacher by occupation . His religion was Judaism , and he received his education at Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Russian Academy of Sciences [7][8].Frank worked at the Lebedev Physical Institute from 1934 to 1970, and also at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and the Institute for Nuclear Research [7][9]. His field of work included nuclear physics, physics, and he was identified as a physicist [10]. He was recognized with multiple awards, including the State Stalin Prize, 1st degree, the USSR State Prize, the Order of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the Nobel Prize in Physics, and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, along with two additional honors [11][12][13].Frank was a member of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin and the Russian Academy of Sciences [11]. He was listed as a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences twice in the provided facts [11]. I'll create a structured biographical entry for Ilya Frank based on the provided source material. Let me first analyze all the available information and then format it according to the requested structure. ## Summary Ilya Frank was a Soviet physicist who made significant contributions to nuclear physics and physics research. He was a university teacher and researcher affiliated with major Soviet scientific institutions including the Lebedev Physical Institute and the Russian Academy of Sciences. ## Biography - Born: October 10, 1908 or October 23, 1908 - Nationality: Soviet Union (later Russian Federation) - Education: Lomonosov Moscow State University - Known for: Contributions to nuclear physics and physics research - Employer(s): Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research - Field(s): Physics, nuclear physics ## Contributions Ilya Frank contributed significantly to the field of nuclear physics during his career in the Soviet Union. His work was centered around major research institutions including the Lebedev Physical Institute, which was a premier physics research center in Moscow. Frank's research activities were part of the broader Soviet physics community that made substantial advances in nuclear physics during the mid-20th century. His affiliation with the Russian Academy of Sciences indicates he was part of the elite scientific establishment that drove fundamental and applied research in the USSR. Frank's work also intersected with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, which was a major center for nuclear physics research in the Soviet Union. ## FAQs ### What field did Ilya Frank specialize in? Ilya Frank specialized in physics, particularly nuclear physics. He was part of the Soviet physics community that made significant advances in understanding atomic nuclei and their behavior during the 20th century. ### Where did Ilya Frank work during his career? Ilya Frank worked at several prestigious Soviet research institutions including the Lebedev Physical Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. He was also affiliated with Lomonosov Moscow State University as an educator. ### What was Ilya Frank's educational background? Ilya Frank was educated at Lomonosov Moscow State University, one of the premier educational institutions in Russia and the Soviet Union, where he prepared for his career in physics research. ### When was Ilya Frank born and when did he die? Ilya Frank was born on either October 10, 1908 or October 23, 1908, and died on June 22, 1990, living through much of the Soviet era and contributing to its scientific achievements. ### What was Ilya Frank's nationality? Ilya Frank held citizenship in the Soviet Union and later the Russian Federation, reflecting the historical transition that occurred during his lifetime from the USSR to the post-Soviet Russian state. ## Why They Matter Ilya Frank matters as part of the generation of Soviet physicists who made crucial contributions to nuclear physics during the mid-20th century. His work at major institutions like the Lebedev Physical Institute and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research positioned him within the core of Soviet scientific advancement. During a time when the Soviet Union was competing globally in scientific research, particularly in physics and nuclear science, researchers like Frank formed the backbone of the nation's scientific capacity. His role as both a researcher and university teacher helped train the next generation of physicists, contributing to the continuity of scientific knowledge and expertise in the Soviet system. The fact that he received multiple Soviet honors and awards indicates that his contributions were recognized at the highest levels of the Soviet scientific establishment. ## Notable For • Being a prominent Soviet physicist who specialized in nuclear physics research • Affiliation with the prestigious Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow • Connection to the Russian Academy of Sciences, the country's premier scientific organization • Educational background from Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia's leading university • Employment at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna • Receiving multiple Soviet state honors and awards for his contributions • Working during the golden age of Soviet physics research in the mid-20th century • Contributing to the Soviet Union's nuclear physics capabilities during the Cold War era ## Body ### Early Life and Education Ilya Frank was born on either October 10, 1908 or October 23, 1908, during the period of the Russian Empire, though he would become a citizen of the Soviet Union following the 1917 revolution. He pursued higher education at Lomonosov Moscow State University, one of the most prestigious institutions in Russia, where he studied physics. This educational foundation prepared him for a career in scientific research during a transformative period in both physics and Soviet history. ### Career in Physics Research Frank's career was centered around the major physics research institutions of the Soviet Union. He was affiliated with the Lebedev Physical Institute, which was founded in 1934 and named after physicist Pyotr Lebedev. This institute was a premier research center in Moscow that employed approximately 1,600 people and was part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The institute had been awarded prestigious honors including the Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution, indicating the high level of scientific achievement expected from its researchers. Frank was also connected to the Russian Academy of Sciences, the country's leading scientific organization that had been established in 1724. This affiliation placed him within the highest echelons of the Soviet scientific establishment. Additionally, he was associated with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, which was founded in 1956 by Georgy Flyorov and focused specifically on nuclear physics research. This institute operated as an intergovernmental organization and was a major center for nuclear research in the Soviet Union. ### Fields of Expertise Frank specialized in physics, with particular focus on nuclear physics. Nuclear physics is a field that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei, which was a critical area of research during the mid-to-late 20th century, especially in the context of the Cold War. His work would have contributed to the Soviet Union's understanding of nuclear processes, which had both scientific and strategic implications. ### Academic Role In addition to his research activities, Frank served as a university teacher, indicating that he was involved in the education and training of the next generation of physicists. This dual role of researcher and educator was typical of the Soviet academic system, where leading scientists often combined cutting-edge research with teaching responsibilities at major universities. ### Recognition and Awards Throughout his career, Frank received multiple awards and honors from the Soviet state. These included prestigious decorations such as the USSR State Prize, the Order of Lenin (the highest decoration awarded by the Soviet Union), the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and the Order of the Badge of Honour. He also received commemorative medals including the Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" and the Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow". These awards indicate that his contributions to physics were recognized at the highest levels of the Soviet government. ### Historical Context Frank's career spanned a crucial period in both scientific and world history. He began his career during the early years of the Soviet Union and continued through World War II, the Cold War, and until shortly before the dissolution of the USSR. During this time, the Soviet Union invested heavily in scientific research, particularly in physics and nuclear science, as part of its competition with Western nations. Frank's work would have been part of this larger national effort to advance scientific knowledge and technological capability. ### Legacy and Impact As a Soviet physicist who worked at the major research institutions of his time, Frank contributed to the scientific foundation that enabled the USSR to compete globally in physics research. His work at institutions like the Lebedev Physical Institute and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research placed him at the center of nuclear physics research during a period of rapid advancement in the field. His role as an educator would have helped train other physicists, extending his influence beyond his direct research contributions. The multiple awards and honors he received suggest that his work had significant impact within the Soviet scientific community and contributed to the nation's scientific achievements during the 20th century. ## References 1. Integrated Authority File 2. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978) 3. Encyclopædia Britannica Online 4. Mathematics Genealogy Project 5. Czech National Authority Database 6. [Source](https://www.lebedev.ru/ru/personalities/nobelevskie-laureaty/1165) 7. Q137170397 8. [The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958. nobelprize.org](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1958/summary/) 9. [Table showing prize amounts. Nobel Foundation. 2019](https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf) 10. International Standard Name Identifier 11. CiNii Research 12. NNDB 13. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija Online 14. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie 15. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana 16. Croatian Encyclopedia 17. Munzinger Personen 18. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013 19. Virtual International Authority File 20. nobelprize.org