# Hypothetical Estimands in Clinical Trials: A Unification of Causal Inference and Missing Data Methods

> Research article (Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research, 2022) · cited 45× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3178129251](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3178129251)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/hypothetical-estimands-in-clinical-trials-a-unification-of-causal-inference-and-missing-data-methods