# Hussein bin Ali

> Sharif and Emir of Mecca, then King of Hejaz and Sharifian Caliph (1854–1931)

**Wikidata**: [Q128906](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128906)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein,_King_of_Hejaz)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/hussein-bin-ali

## Summary
Hussein bin Ali was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca, later becoming King of Hejaz and Sharifian Caliph (1854–1931). He was a key figure in the Hashemite royal family and played a significant role in the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. His reign established the Kingdom of Hejaz and shaped modern Jordanian and Middle Eastern politics.

## Biography
- Born: 1854
- Nationality: Arab (Hashemite)
- Education: [Not specified in source material]
- Known for: Leading the Hashemite dynasty, founding the Kingdom of Hejaz, and resisting Ottoman rule
- Employer(s): Hashemite family, Ottoman Empire (initially), Kingdom of Hejaz (later)
- Field(s): Politics, governance, resistance movements

## Contributions
- Established the Kingdom of Hejaz (1916) as a sovereign state under Hashemite rule.
- Led the Arab Revolt (1916–1918) against the Ottoman Empire, aiding Allied forces during World War I.
- Served as Sharifian Caliph, claiming succession to the Islamic caliphate.
- Founded the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali, a prestigious honor of the Kingdom of Jordan.

## FAQs
**What was Hussein bin Ali's role in the Arab Revolt?**
Hussein bin Ali led the Arab Revolt (1916–1918) against the Ottoman Empire, providing support to the Allies during World War I. His efforts helped establish Arab independence in the region.

**What titles did Hussein bin Ali hold?**
He was Sharif and Emir of Mecca, then King of Hejaz and Sharifian Caliph. These titles reflected his leadership in the Hashemite family and his role in establishing the Kingdom of Hejaz.

**What awards did Hussein bin Ali receive?**
He received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour from France, the Order of Osmanieh from the Ottoman Empire, and the Order of Independence from Jordan.

**What is the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali?**
The Order of al-Hussein bin Ali is the highest honor of the Kingdom of Jordan, founded by Hussein bin Ali in 1949. It recognizes exceptional service to Jordan and the Hashemite family.

## Why They Matter
Hussein bin Ali's leadership during the Arab Revolt and his establishment of the Kingdom of Hejaz laid the foundation for modern Jordan and Arab nationalism. His resistance against Ottoman rule and his role in World War I influenced the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East. The Order of al-Hussein bin Ali remains a symbol of Hashemite legacy and Jordanian identity.

## Notable For
- Founded the Kingdom of Hejaz (1916), a precursor to modern Jordan.
- Led the Arab Revolt (1916–1918) against the Ottoman Empire.
- Established the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali (1949), a prestigious Jordanian honor.
- Received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour from France.
- Served as Sharifian Caliph, claiming succession to the Islamic caliphate.

## Body
### Early Life and Family
Hussein bin Ali was born in 1854 and belonged to the Hashemite family, a prominent Arab dynasty. He was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca, a title that granted him spiritual and political authority over the holy city.

### Political Leadership
Hussein bin Ali initially served under the Ottoman Empire but later established the Kingdom of Hejaz in 1916. This sovereign state was a key step in the broader Arab independence movement.

### Arab Revolt and World War I
During World War I, Hussein bin Ali led the Arab Revolt (1916–1918) against the Ottoman Empire. His support for the Allies helped weaken Ottoman control in the region and laid the groundwork for future Arab states.

### Sharifian Caliphate
Hussein bin Ali claimed the title of Sharifian Caliph, asserting the Hashemite family's claim to succession to the Islamic caliphate. This claim was significant in shaping modern Middle Eastern politics.

### Legacy and Honors
Hussein bin Ali received numerous honors, including the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour from France and the Order of Osmanieh from the Ottoman Empire. His legacy is preserved through the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali, established in 1949.

### Influence on Modern Jordan
The Kingdom of Hejaz, founded by Hussein bin Ali, evolved into modern Jordan. His resistance movements and political leadership continue to shape Jordanian and Arab identity.

## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. [Source](https://www.royalark.net/Arabia/hijaz1.htm)
3. [Source](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895)
4. [Hussein bin Ali](https://www.lesclesdumoyenorient.com/Hussein-et-la-famille-Hachemite.html)
5. [Source](https://books.google.fr/books?id=kd08zgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y)
6. [Source](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01495933.2016.1133994)
7. [Source](https://damapedia.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A/)
8. [Source](https://books.google.fr/books?id=OeRSEAAAQBAJ)
9. [Source](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hussein-ibn-Ali)
10. Virtual International Authority File
11. BnF authorities
12. Library of Congress Authorities
13. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
14. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
15. [Source](http://purl.org/pressemappe20/beaconlist/pe)