# Hugo de Vries

> Dutch botanist (1848-1935)

**Wikidata**: [Q160192](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160192)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_de_Vries)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/hugo-de-vries

## Summary
Hugo de Vries was a Dutch botanist (1848–1935) best known for his foundational contributions to genetics, particularly the concept of mutation as a primary source of genetic variation. His work laid the groundwork for modern evolutionary theory and influenced the development of the modern synthesis of genetics.

## Biography
- **Born**: 1848 (exact date and place not specified in source material)
- **Nationality**: Dutch
- **Education**: Affiliated with Leiden University and the University of Amsterdam (specific degrees not listed)
- **Known for**: Pioneering the mutation theory of evolution
- **Employer(s)**: Leiden University, University of Amsterdam
- **Field(s)**: Botany, genetics

## Contributions
- Developed the **mutation theory of evolution**, proposing that mutations are the primary source of genetic variation, challenging the prevailing view of gradual evolution through natural selection alone.
- His work influenced the **modern synthesis of genetics**, integrating Darwinian evolution with Mendelian inheritance.
- Received the **Darwin Medal** (1890) and the **Linnean Medal** (1888) for his contributions to botany and genetics.

## FAQs
- **Where did Hugo de Vries study?** He was affiliated with Leiden University and the University of Amsterdam.
- **What was Hugo de Vries known for?** He is known for the mutation theory of evolution.
- **Which awards did Hugo de Vries receive?** He received the Darwin Medal and the Linnean Medal.
- **What field did Hugo de Vries work in?** He worked in botany and genetics.

## Why They Matter
Hugo de Vries's mutation theory challenged the dominant view of gradual evolution, introducing the idea that mutations could drive significant genetic change. His work was foundational to the **modern synthesis of genetics**, which unified Darwinian evolution with Mendelian inheritance. His ideas influenced later geneticists, including Thomas Hunt Morgan, and remain relevant in evolutionary biology today.

## Notable For
- **Pioneered the mutation theory of evolution**, proposing mutations as a primary source of genetic variation.
- **Received the Darwin Medal (1890) and the Linnean Medal (1888)** for his contributions to botany and genetics.
- **Affiliated with Leiden University and the University of Amsterdam**, where he conducted his research.

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Hugo de Vries was born in 1848 and studied at Leiden University and the University of Amsterdam, where he developed his theories on mutation and evolution.

### Career and Research
De Vries's research focused on plant genetics, particularly the role of mutations in evolution. His mutation theory proposed that mutations were the primary source of genetic variation, challenging the prevailing view of gradual evolution through natural selection alone.

### Influence and Legacy
De Vries's work laid the groundwork for the modern synthesis of genetics, integrating Darwinian evolution with Mendelian inheritance. His ideas influenced later geneticists, including Thomas Hunt Morgan, and remain relevant in evolutionary biology today.

### Awards and Recognition
De Vries received the Darwin Medal (1890) and the Linnean Medal (1888) for his contributions to botany and genetics. His work was recognized as foundational to the field of genetics.

### Affiliations
De Vries was affiliated with Leiden University and the University of Amsterdam, where he conducted his research and taught. His work at these institutions contributed significantly to the development of modern genetics.

## References

1. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
2. Onze Hoogleeraren
3. www.accademiadellescienze.it
4. BnF authorities
5. Integrated Authority File
6. International Plant Names Index
7. [Source](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=216486814&single=true)
8. Complete List of Royal Society Fellows 1660-2007
9. [Source](https://gngh.nl/onderscheidingen/)
10. Virtual International Authority File
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12. [Source](https://pid.uba.uva.nl/ark:/88238/b2297)
13. Hugo de Vries. Biografisch Portaal
14. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
15. SNAC
16. KNAW Past Members
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18. Proleksis Encyclopedia
19. Croatian Encyclopedia
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21. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
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23. nobelprize.org
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27. [aanleg buurtbos](https://www.collectiegelderland.nl/object/21c2ba6c-f90b-b3f8-77dd-8a81bea18f08)
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29. Catalogo of the National Library of India