# Howard Gardner

> american developmental psychologist & academic

**Wikidata**: [Q176515](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176515)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Gardner)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/howard-gardner

## Summary
Howard Gardner is an American developmental psychologist and academic best known for proposing the theory of multiple intelligences. He has served as a university teacher at prestigious institutions, including Harvard University, and is a recognized member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His work has significantly influenced the field of developmental psychology and educational theory.

## Biography
- **Born**: July 11, 1943
- **Nationality**: United States
- **Education**: Harvard College, Harvard University
- **Known for**: Theory of multiple intelligences
- **Employer(s)**: Harvard University, New York University, Boston University
- **Field(s)**: Developmental psychology

## Contributions
Howard Gardner's primary contribution is the development of the theory of multiple intelligences, a psychological framework that redefines human cognition beyond traditional metrics. This theory has become a cornerstone in educational psychology, influencing how educators assess and nurture student potential. His academic work is grounded in developmental psychology, where he has expanded upon the cognitive development principles established by earlier thinkers. Additionally, Gardner has contributed to the academic community through his roles as a university teacher and researcher at major institutions, fostering new generations of psychologists.

## FAQs
**What is Howard Gardner famous for?**
Howard Gardner is most famous for developing the theory of multiple intelligences, which suggests that human intelligence is not a single general ability but a set of distinct modalities or specific intelligences.

**Where did Howard Gardner receive his education?**
He received his education at Harvard College and Harvard University.

**What awards has Howard Gardner won?**
Gardner has received numerous prestigious awards, including the Guggenheim Fellowship, the MacArthur Fellowship, the Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences, and the Grawemeyer Award.

**Which universities has Howard Gardner been affiliated with?**
He has been affiliated with Harvard University, New York University, and Boston University as an employer and academic.

**Who influenced Howard Gardner's work?**
His work was influenced by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, a foundational figure in the study of cognitive development.

## Why They Matter
Howard Gardner matters because his theory of multiple intelligences fundamentally shifted the paradigm in psychology and education, moving away from a singular focus on general intelligence (IQ) to a broader understanding of human potential. This framework has allowed educators to identify and cultivate diverse talents in students that might otherwise have gone unrecognized. As a MacArthur Fellow and member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, his contributions are validated at the highest levels of academic and scientific inquiry. His work continues to impact teaching methodologies, curriculum development, and the psychological assessment of human capabilities.

## Notable For
- **Theory of Multiple Intelligences**: Developing the psychological theory that identifies distinct types of intelligence.
- **MacArthur Fellowship**: Being awarded the prestigious "genius grant" from the MacArthur Fellows Program.
- **Guggenheim Fellowship**: Receiving recognition for his scholarship through the Guggenheim Fellowship.
- **Princess of Asturias Award**: Winning the Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences.
- **Grawemeyer Award**: Recipient of the Grawemeyer Award for his contributions to psychology.
- **Academic Leadership**: Holding teaching and research positions at Harvard University, New York University, and Boston University.
- **Professional Membership**: Being a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
- **Intellectual Lineage**: Building upon the foundational work of Jean Piaget in the field of developmental psychology.

## Body

### Early Life and Education
Howard Gardner was born on July 11, 1943. He pursued his higher education in the United States, attending Harvard College for his undergraduate studies and subsequently Harvard University for his advanced degrees. His academic background provided the foundation for his future research in psychology and human cognition.

### Academic Career
Throughout his career, Howard Gardner has held significant academic positions at several major universities. His employers include Harvard University, New York University, and Boston University. In these roles, he has functioned as a university teacher and academic, contributing to the education of countless students and engaging in research that spans developmental psychology and cognitive science.

### Theoretical Work and Research
Gardner is most renowned for his work in developmental psychology. His notable work, the theory of multiple intelligences, challenges the traditional view of intelligence as a single, fixed capacity. Instead, it proposes that human beings possess different kinds of intelligences, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial intelligences. This theory has been widely applied in educational settings to tailor instruction to individual student strengths. His research is deeply rooted in the scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives, a field heavily influenced by the work of Jean Piaget.

### Awards and Recognition
Over the course of his career, Howard Gardner has received numerous awards that recognize his contributions to the social sciences and psychology. These include the Guggenheim Fellowship, a grant awarded annually to those who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship. He was also awarded the MacArthur Fellowship, a prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Additionally, he received the Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences and the Grawemeyer Awards, which are given annually by the University of Louisville.

### Professional Affiliations
Gardner is a distinguished member of several academic organizations. He is affiliated with the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, an honorary society and policy research center. He is also associated with the MacArthur Fellows Program network. His professional website serves as a hub for his research and publications, further solidifying his role as a leading figure in his field.

## References

1. BnF authorities
2. [Source](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/howard-gardner)
3. [Source](https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class-of-december-1981/howard-gardner)
4. International Standard Name Identifier
5. CiNii Research
6. Virtual International Authority File
7. SNAC
8. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
9. Pedagogues and Psychologists of the World
10. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
11. [Source](http://digitale.beic.it/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&vid=BEIC&vl%283134987UI0%29=creator&vl%28freeText0%29=Gardner%20Howard)
12. CONOR.SI
13. Quora
14. [Source](https://www.podchaser.com/creators/howard-gardner-107aRvdorS/appearances)