# Hotspot defect detection for photovoltaic modules under complex backgrounds

> Research article (Multimedia Systems, 2023) · cited 17× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4386749952](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4386749952)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/hotspot-defect-detection-for-photovoltaic-modules-under-complex-backgrounds