# Hoechst

> German company

**Wikidata**: [Q542511](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542511)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoechst_AG)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/hoechst

## Summary
Hoechst is a German company founded in 1863 and historically known as Hoechst AG (later Hoechst GmbH). It operated across multiple industries—including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, paints, plastics, and information technology—and was headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany.

## Key Facts
- Hoechst was founded on **1863-01-02** in **Höchst (Germany)**.
- Founders listed for Hoechst include **Adolf von Brüning**, **Eugen Lucius**, and **Wilhelm Meister**.
- Hoechst’s headquarters are in **Frankfurt (Germany)** (coordinates: **50.088611111111, 8.535**).
- Hoechst operated in multiple industries, including **paint (from 1863)**, **pharmaceuticals (1883–1999)**, **information technology (1972–1999)**, **chemicals**, and **plastics** (all with end time **1999** in the provided data).
- Hoechst was part of the **DAX** from **1988-07-01** to **1999-09-20**.
- Parent organizations listed include **IG Farben (1925–1951-12-07)**, **Aventis (1999–2004)**, and **Sanofi (from 2004)**.
- Hoechst AG had a stock listing on the **Frankfurt Stock Exchange** with ticker **HOE** (end time **2004**).
- The entity has a recorded **dissolved/abolished date of 1999** (for Hoechst AG in the provided data).
- Employee counts are documented for multiple years, including **169,295 (1989)** and **172,900 (1990)**.
- Hoechst’s website is listed as **http://www.hoechst.de/** (German-language).

## FAQs
### Q: What is Hoechst?
A: Hoechst is a German company founded in 1863, historically known as Hoechst AG and later as Hoechst GmbH. It operated across several industries, including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, paints, plastics, and information technology.

### Q: When was Hoechst founded and by whom?
A: Hoechst was founded on 1863-01-02. The founders listed are Adolf von Brüning, Eugen Lucius, and Wilhelm Meister.

### Q: Where was Hoechst headquartered?
A: Hoechst’s headquarters are listed as Frankfurt, Germany. The provided coordinates are 50.088611111111 latitude and 8.535 longitude.

### Q: What happened to Hoechst AG?
A: Hoechst AG has a recorded dissolved/abolished date of 1999 in the provided data. The name “Hoechst GmbH” is listed as an official name starting in 2005-10.

### Q: What industries was Hoechst involved in?
A: Hoechst is associated with the paint, chemical, pharmaceutical, plastics, and information technology industries. The provided data includes time qualifiers such as pharmaceuticals (1883–1999) and information technology (1972–1999).

## Why It Matters
Hoechst matters as a long-running German industrial enterprise with documented activity spanning well over a century, beginning with its founding in 1863. The company is notable for operating across multiple major industrial domains—paints, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics, and (from 1972) information technology—showing a broad scope rather than a single-product focus. Its inclusion in the DAX from 1988 to 1999 indicates it was significant within the German equity market during that period. Hoechst also sits within a wider corporate lineage: it was part of IG Farben (1925–1951), later became associated with Aventis (1999–2004), and is linked to Sanofi from 2004. The scale of the organization is reflected in employee figures recorded in the late 20th century (e.g., 169,295 in 1989 and 172,900 in 1990). For researchers, librarians, and historians, Hoechst is also well-identified through multiple authority and catalog identifiers (e.g., ISNI, VIAF, GND), supporting reliable disambiguation across sources.

## Notable For
- **Founded in 1863** in Höchst, Germany, with founders Adolf von Brüning, Eugen Lucius, and Wilhelm Meister.
- **DAX membership (1988–1999)**, indicating major-market prominence in Germany during that period.
- **Large recorded workforce**, including **172,900 employees (1990)**.
- **Corporate relationships over time**, including being part of **IG Farben (1925–1951)** and later linked to **Aventis (1999–2004)** and **Sanofi (from 2004)**.
- **Multiple historical official names**, including “Hoechst AG” (1974–2005-10) and “Hoechst GmbH” (from 2005-10).

## Body
### Identity and Classification
- Entity type: **enterprise**; also described as a **public company** in the provided data.
- Additional classification: listed as a **subsidiary company** during **1925–1951** and again **from 1999** (time-qualified).

### Founding and Naming
- **Inception (founding date):** 1863-01-02.
- **Location of formation:** Höchst (Germany).
- **Founders:** Adolf von Brüning; Eugen Lucius; Wilhelm Meister.
- **Nicknamed:** “Rotfabrik”.
- **Named after:** Höchst; and also associated (as “named after” entries) with Wilhelm Meister, Eugen Lucius, and Adolf von Brüning (as provided).

### Official Names Over Time (Time-Qualified)
- **Theerfarbenfabrik Meister, Lucius & Co** (1863–1865)
- **Farbwerke Meister, Lucius & Brüning** (1865–1880)
- **Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Brüning** (1880–1951)
- **Farbwerke Hoechst AG vorm. Meister Lucius & Brüning** (1951–1974)
- **Hoechst AG** (1974–2005-10)
- **Hoechst GmbH** (from 2005-10)

### Headquarters and Location
- **Headquarters:** Frankfurt, Germany.
- **Coordinates:** 50.088611111111 (lat), 8.535 (lon).
- Representative image in the provided data: “Industriepark Höchst” (image file listed).

### Industries (with Provided Time Qualifiers)
- **Paint industry:** start 1863; end 1999.
- **Pharmaceutical industry:** 1883–1999.
- **Information technology:** 1972–1999.
- **Chemical industry:** end 1999 (start not specified in provided data).
- **Plastics industry:** end 1999 (start not specified in provided data).

### Market and Index Presence
- **Part of DAX:** 1988-07-01 to 1999-09-20.
- **Stock exchange listing:** Frankfurt Stock Exchange; ticker **HOE** (end time 2004).

### Parent Organizations (Time-Qualified)
- **IG Farben:** 1925 to 1951-12-07.
- **Aventis:** 1999 to 2004.
- **Sanofi:** from 2004.

### Subsidiaries (Selected, Time-Qualified as Provided)
- **Behringwerke** (1952–1997)
- **Cassella** (1970–1995)
- **Schwarzkopf** (end time 1995)
- **CeramTec** (1985–1996)
- **Messer Group** (1965–1999)
- **Ticona** (1961–1999)
- **SGL Carbon SE** (1967–1996)
- **ThyssenKrupp Uhde** (1952–1996)
- **Abieta Chemie** (1957–1997-07-01; qualifier includes P1107: 0.5)
- **Honeywell Specialty Chemicals Seelze** (1970–1995)

### Workforce (Point-in-Time Figures)
- 9,200 (1914)
- 6,000 (1915)
- 15,000 (1917)
- 10,000 (1919)
- 14,600 (1922)
- 11,000 (1929)
- 8,000 (1933)
- 11,784 (1944)
- 169,295 (1989)
- 172,900 (1990)

### Governance (Selected Board/Leadership Entries)
- Chairpersons (time-qualified in provided data): **Karl Winnacker (1952–1969)**; **Rolf Sammet (1969–1985)**; **Wolfgang Hilger (1985–1994)**; **Jürgen Dormann (1994–1999)**.
- Director/manager listed: **Jürgen Dormann** (as provided).

### Identifiers and Reference Links
- **ISNI:** 0000000109416588
- **VIAF ID:** 146009178
- **GND IDs:** 2010196-X (1952–1974 name form); 2034891-5 (1974–1999 name form; preferred)
- **IdRef:** 029671019
- **Library of Congress authority ID:** n81112953
- **Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID:** topic/Hoechst-Aktiengesellschaft
- **Website:** http://www.hoechst.de/ (German)

### Logos and Branding Assets (Time-Qualified)
- Multiple logo files are listed with start/end times, including a preferred logo starting **1997** and earlier versions spanning **1877–1997** (as provided via Wikimedia file paths).

### Dissolution / Status Notes
- A **dissolved/abolished date of 1999** is recorded for Hoechst AG in the provided data.
- The legal form is time-qualified as **joint-stock company (until 2005)** and **Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (from 2005)**.

## References

1. Virtual International Authority File
2. 20th Century Press Archives
3. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
4. Czech National Authority Database
5. [Source](https://www.sanofi.de/de/sanofi-in-deutschland/historie)
6. [Source](https://www.sanofi.de/de/sanofi-in-deutschland/hoechst-gmbh)
7. Quora
8. Via P227 lookup with GND value from PM20 folder. 20th Century Press Archives
9. FactGrid
10. National Library of Israel Names and Subjects Authority File