# Hissène Habré

> 5th president of Chad

**Wikidata**: [Q310886](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310886)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hissène_Habré)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/hissene-habre

## Summary
Hissène Habré was a Chadian politician and military personnel who served as the 5th President of Chad. His period of political activity spanned from 1972 to 1990, during which he was a central figure in the Chadian–Libyan War and the Toyota War.

## Biography
- **Born**: August 13, 1942
- **Died**: August 24, 2021
- **Nationality**: Chad
- **Education**: Sciences Po, École Nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer, Aosta Valley University
- **Known for**: Serving as the 5th President of Chad; leadership during the Chadian–Libyan War and Toyota War
- **Occupation**: Politician, military personnel, minister
- **Field(s)**: Government and Military Leadership

## Contributions
Hissène Habré led Chad through the final phases of the Chadian–Libyan conflict. His military leadership encompassed the Chadian–Libyan War (1978–1987) and specifically the Toyota War, which constituted the last phase of the conflict. His tenure as President defined the political landscape of Chad until the conclusion of his work period in 1990.

## FAQs
**What conflicts was Hissène Habré involved in?**
Hissène Habré was a key figure in the Chadian–Libyan War (1978–1987) and the Toyota War, the latter named for the Toyota pickup trucks used in the campaigns.

**What was Hissène Habré's role in government?**
He served as the 5th President of Chad and held the position of minister, operating within the government structure of the Republic of Chad.

**What educational institutions did Hissène Habré attend?**
He received his education at Sciences Po in Paris, the École Nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer, and the Aosta Valley University in Italy.

**What awards did Hissène Habré receive?**
He was a recipient of the National Order of Chad, which is the preeminent order of the Republic of Chad, established on April 12, 1960.

## Why They Matter
Hissène Habré matters as a pivotal figure in the geopolitical history of Central Africa, specifically regarding the sovereignty of Chad. His leadership during the Chadian–Libyan War and the Toyota War was critical in the series of military campaigns that shaped the region's borders and political stability between 1978 and 1987. As the 5th President, his administration marked a specific era in Chadian history that followed the Chadian Civil War of 1965–1979 and preceded the administration of Idriss Déby. His legacy is inextricably linked to the military and political evolution of Chad during the late 20th century.

## Notable For
- Serving as the 5th President of Chad.
- Leadership during the Chadian–Libyan War (1978–1987).
- Role in the Toyota War, the final phase of the Libyan conflict.
- Recipient of the National Order of Chad.
- Career spanning political and military roles including minister.

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Hissène Habré was born on August 13, 1942. He pursued higher education at several institutions, including Sciences Po, a higher-education institution in Paris, France, founded in 1872. He also attended the École Nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer and the Aosta Valley University (Università della Valle d'Aosta), a university located in Aosta, Italy, founded in 2000.

### Political and Military Career
Habré's active work period began in 1972 and concluded in 1990. He operated within the political framework of Chad, a sovereign state in Central Africa that gained independence on August 11, 1960. He served as a politician, military personnel, and minister. His most prominent role was as the 5th President of Chad.

### Conflicts and Military Campaigns
Habré was a central figure in major military conflicts. He was involved in the Chadian–Libyan War, a series of military campaigns that took place from 1978 to 1987. Specifically, he led during the Toyota War, which was the last phase of the Chadian–Libyan conflict; this conflict derives its name from the Toyota pickup trucks utilized by Chadian forces. His leadership occurred in the context of Chad's volatile political history, which included the Chadian Civil War of 1965–1979, a rebellion against Presidents François Tombalbaye and Félix Malloum.

### Awards and Recognition
Hissène Habré received the National Order of Chad (inception: April 12, 1960), which is recognized as the preeminent order of the Republic of Chad.

### Death
Hissène Habré died on August 24, 2021.

### Identifiers and Data
Hissène Habré is extensively cataloged in global databases. His identifiers include:
*   **Wikidata**: Q133655016 (instance of: human)
*   **ISNI**: 0000000109577963
*   **VIAF**: 53149196467174791498
*   **Library of Congress**: n85109733
*   **BNF**: 155116344
*   **IdRef**: 052300382
*   **Freebase**: /m/017_g5
*   **Britannica**: biography/Hissene-Habre
*   **Den Store Danske Encyklopædi**: 0031935
*   **Store norske leksikon**: hissene-habre
*   **Treccani**: hissène-habré
*   **Great Russian Encyclopedia**: 176325426
*   **Other IDs**: LIGV033199, 297572482, 00000015411, a0000003439505, 105656, 152347, 724074, pe/006860, Hisséne_Habré, 21890, 9810699957605606, 3909319, ncf10727080, 987007413996505171, Hissène_Habré, 54379.
*   **Image**: President Hissène Habré of Chad.jpg.
*   **Aliases**: Hissen Habré, Hissene Habre, Hissen Habre.

## References

1. Dictionary of African Biography
2. Database of Cabinet Politics in Sub-Sahara Africa
3. [Source](https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1223629/politique/senegal-hissene-habre-enterre-en-labsence-de-representants-officiels/)
4. International Standard Name Identifier
5. Virtual International Authority File
6. SUDOC
7. [Source](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20210824-l-ancien-pr%C3%A9sident-tchadien-hiss%C3%A8ne-habr%C3%A9-est-d%C3%A9c%C3%A9d%C3%A9-du-covid-19)
8. [Source](https://www.ilpost.it/2021/08/24/hissene-habre-ex-presidente-del-ciad-e-morto-di-covid-19-a-79-anni/)
9. Munzinger Personen
10. [Source](https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/08/24/l-ancien-dictateur-tchadien-hissene-habre-est-mort_6092211_3210.html)
11. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
12. [Source](http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/l-ancien-dictateur-tchadien-hissene-habre-condamne-a-perpetuite_1797022.html)