# Heinrich Schliemann

> German businessman and archaeologist (1822–1890)

**Wikidata**: [Q57106](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57106)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/heinrich-schliemann

## Summary
Heinrich Schliemann was a German businessman and archaeologist who lived from 1822 to 1890. Operating under the full name Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius Schliemann, he was a multifaceted professional known for his work as a polyglot, merchant, traveler, entrepreneur, and writer. His active work period spanned from 1870 to 1890, during which he engaged in the fields of archaeology and trade.

## Biography
- Born: 1822
- Nationality: German
- Education: University of Rostock, University of Paris
- Known for: Archaeology, trade, business, writing
- Employer(s): German Archaeological Institute, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, American Antiquarian Society
- Field(s): Archaeology, trade

## Contributions
Heinrich Schliemann's professional contributions are defined by his diverse roles as a businessman, archaeologist, art historian, polyglot, merchant, traveler, entrepreneur, and writer. He operated within the field of archaeology during a specific work period from 1870 to 1890. His legacy includes a lunar crater named "Schliemann," serving as a permanent designation of his impact. He contributed to academic and scientific communities through his affiliations with major institutions, including the German Archaeological Institute and the American Antiquarian Society.

## FAQs
**What were Heinrich Schliemann's primary occupations?**
He was primarily a German businessman and archaeologist, but he was also recognized as an art historian, polyglot, merchant, traveler, entrepreneur, and writer.

**Which academic institutions was Heinrich Schliemann affiliated with?**
He was affiliated with the University of Rostock and the University of Paris.

**What awards and honors did Heinrich Schliemann receive?**
He was appointed an honorary citizen of Berlin, received the Royal Gold Medal, and was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford.

**When did Heinrich Schliemann live and work?**
He was born in 1822 and died in 1890. His documented work period began in 1870 and ended in 1890.

## Why They Matter
Heinrich Schliemann is significant for his extensive influence across multiple disciplines, bridging the gap between commerce and scientific inquiry through his work as a businessman and archaeologist. His recognition as a polyglot and traveler highlights the international scope of his endeavors. His enduring impact is marked by the naming of a lunar crater in his honor and his membership in prestigious academies across Europe and the United States, such as the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and the American Antiquarian Society.

## Notable For
- Being a German businessman and archaeologist with a work period from 1870 to 1890.
- Holding the full name Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius Schliemann.
- Receiving the title of honorary citizen of Berlin.
- Being a recipient of the Royal Gold Medal.
- Obtaining an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford.
- Having a lunar crater named "Schliemann".
- Affiliation with the German Archaeological Institute, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, and the American Antiquarian Society.

## Body
### Identity and Professional Roles
Heinrich Schliemann, born in 1822 and deceased in 1890, was a German national identified formally as Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius Schliemann. His professional life was characterized by a wide array of occupations, including businessperson, archaeologist, art historian, polyglot, merchant, traveler, entrepreneur, and writer. His work period, defined as the span of his active professional contributions, began in 1870 and concluded in 1890. Schliemann's involvement in trade and archaeology positioned him as a key figure in the study of human activity in the past and the economic branch involving the exchange of goods and services.

### Academic and Institutional Affiliations
Schliemann maintained significant affiliations with numerous learned societies and research institutes. He was connected to the German Archaeological Institute, an archaeological research institute established in 1829 in Germany. He was also associated with the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, an academy of sciences founded in 1759 with headquarters in  (Germany). His international reach extended to the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, a Swedish royal academy for the humanities established in 1753, and the American Antiquarian Society, a learned society and national research library founded in 1812 in the United States.

### Education
His educational background included affiliations with the University of Rostock, a university in Germany established in 1419, and the University of Paris. The University of Paris, a French university, has a complex historical timeline with inception dates noted as 1150 (applying to the University of Paris) and 1896 (preferred), and is headquartered in Paris.

### Recognition and Awards
Throughout his career, Schliemann received substantial recognition for his work. He was honored as an honorary citizen of Berlin, a title of honor conferred by the Senate of Berlin and the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin. He was a recipient of the Royal Gold Medal, an award presented by the Royal Institute of British Architects which began in 1848. Additionally, he was recognized as an honorary doctor of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

### Geographic and Historical Context
As a traveler and businessman, Schliemann's life intersected with various geopolitical entities. These include the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a grand duchy established in 1815; the Russian Empire, a former empire in Eurasia and North America existing from 1721 to 1917; and the United States, a country located primarily in North America with independence recognized in 1776 and 1784. His legacy extends beyond Earth, with a lunar crater named "Schliemann" serving as a celestial tribute to his name.

## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
3. Schliemann, Heinrich (ADB)
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12. [Berliner Ehrenbürger > Heinrich Schliemann. Berlin House of Representatives](https://www.parlament-berlin.de/Das-Haus/Berliner-Ehrenbuerger/Heinrich-Schliemann)
13. [Celebration of the 100th anniversary of the death of the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, 1990. 1989](https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000083875)
14. International Standard Name Identifier
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17. [Source](https://www.ascsa.edu.gr/index.php/archives/heinrich-schliemann-finding-aid)
18. [Source](https://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-BF-4091)
19. [Source](https://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-BF-86931)
20. [Source](https://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-BF-4458)
21. [Schliemann receives the doctorate. Heinrich-Schliemann-Museum](https://www.schliemann-museum.de/raum-3/schliemann-erhaelt-die-doktorwuerde/)
22. SNAC
23. [Brockhaus Enzyklopädie](https://brockhaus.de/ecs/julex/article/schliemann-heinrich)
24. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
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31. [Source](https://www.bartleby.com/library/bios/index14.html)
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37. [Source](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiarch.php)
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