# Hebron

> Palestian city in the occupied West Bank

**Wikidata**: [Q168225](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168225)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/hebron

## Summary
Hebron is a Palestinian city situated in the occupied West Bank, located within the Hebron Governorate. Geographically positioned at coordinates 31.535, 35.098611111111, the settlement spans an area of 74.102 square kilometres and sits at an elevation of 927 metres above sea level. As of 2016, the city had a population of 215,452.

## Key Facts
- **Instance of**: City (large human settlement).
- **Location**: Hebron Governorate, West Bank.
- **Area**: 74.102 square kilometres.
- **Population**: 215,452 (point in time: 2016).
- **Coordinates**: 31.535, 35.098611111111.
- **Elevation**: 927 metres above sea level.
- **Country History**: Ottoman Empire (1517–1917); Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948); Jordan (1948–1988); Palestine (1988–1994; 1994–2012; 2012–present).
- **Native Labels**: الخليل (Arabic), חֶבְרוֹן‬ (Hebrew vocalized name).
- **Official Name**: الخليل.
- **Significant Event**: Listed on the "List of World Heritage in Danger" starting in 2017.
- **Memberships**: League of Historical Cities; Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities; The Association of Palestinian Local Authorities (APLA).
- **Twin Cities**: Saint-Pierre-des-Corps; Rio de Janeiro.
- **Website**: http://www.hebron-city.ps/
- **Topic's Main Category**: Category:Hebron.

## FAQs
**What is the geographical location and elevation of Hebron?**
Hebron is located in the West Bank within the Hebron Governorate at coordinates 31.535, 35.098611111111. The city sits at an elevation of 927 metres above sea level.

**What are the demographic and physical statistics for Hebron?**
The city covers an area of 74.102 square kilometres. As of 2016, the recorded population was 215,452 people.

**What are the historical and current political affiliations of Hebron?**
Historically, Hebron was part of the Ottoman Empire (1517–1917) and Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948), followed by Jordan (1948–1988). Since 1988, it has been affiliated with Palestine, with specific status periods recorded from 1988–1994, 1994–2012, and from 2012 onwards.

**What international organizations is Hebron a member of?**
Hebron is a member of the League of Historical Cities, the Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities, and The Association of Palestinian Local Authorities (APLA).

**What international designations has Hebron received?**
In 2017, Hebron was added to the "List of World Heritage in Danger".

**What are the official names and aliases for Hebron?**
The official name is الخليل. It is also known as Al Khalil, Al-Khalil, and by the historical name Quiriate-Arba. In Hebrew, the vocalized name is חֶבְרוֹן.

**Which encyclopedic sources describe Hebron?**
Hebron is described by numerous sources including the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition), Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron, Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Nordisk familjebok, and the Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, among others.

## Why It Matters
Hebron is a significant urban center in the West Bank, distinguished by its deep historical continuity and religious importance. The city's inclusion on the "List of World Heritage in Danger" in 2017 underscores its global cultural significance and the perceived threats to its heritage. Spanning an area of 74.102 square kilometres and serving as a hub for a population of over 200,000, it plays a central role in the region's demographics and geography. Its administrative history—spanning the Ottoman Empire, British Mandate, Jordanian rule, and the Palestinian Authority—reflects the complex political shifts in the region over centuries. Furthermore, its membership in the League of Historical Cities and the Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities highlights its standing in both historical and Islamic cultural networks.

## Notable For
- Being classified as a "large human settlement" and a major city in the West Bank.
- Inclusion on the "List of World Heritage in Danger" as of 2017.
- Serving as a member of the League of Historical Cities and the Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities.
- Having a high elevation of 927 metres above sea level.
- A continuous recorded history of political administration changes, spanning the Ottoman Empire to the modern State of Palestine.
- Holding a significant place in multiple encyclopedic traditions, including British, Soviet, Jewish, and Islamic reference works.

## Body

### Geography and Location
Hebron is located in the southern West Bank, falling within the administrative boundaries of the Hebron Governorate. The city is situated at precise coordinates 31.535 latitude and 35.098611111111 longitude. It occupies a land area of 74.102 square kilometres and is positioned at a notable elevation of 927 metres above sea level. The city's geographical and topographical data is supported by identifiers such as the GeoNames ID 285066 and the OpenStreetMap relation ID 3797325 / node ID 299937114.

### Demographics
The population of Hebron was recorded as 215,452 in 2016. This data point provides a reference for the city's size as a major human settlement in the region.

### Political and Administrative History
Hebron has been administered by various sovereign powers throughout its modern history:
- **Ottoman Empire**: 1517 to 1917.
- **Mandatory Palestine**: 1920 to 1948.
- **Jordan**: 1948 to 1988.
- **Palestine**: Initial period from 1988 to 1994, followed by a second period from 1994 to November 2012, and a continuing period from November 2012 onwards.
The city maintains an official website at http://www.hebron-city.ps/ and is twinned with Saint-Pierre-des-Corps and Rio de Janeiro.

### International Affiliations
Hebron holds membership in several international city organizations:
- League of Historical Cities.
- Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities.
- The Association of Palestinian Local Authorities (APLA).

### Cultural Heritage and Recognition
In 2017, Hebron was designated as a site on the "List of World Heritage in Danger". The city's main category for classification is "Category:Hebron", with specific categories for maps, views, people born there, burials, and deaths.

### Names and Etymology
The city is officially known as الخليل (Al-Khalil). The Hebrew vocalized name is חֶבְרוֹן. Historical and alternative aliases include Quiriate-Arba, Al Khalil, Al-Khalil, and names in various languages such as 希布伦 and Эль-Халиль.

### Reference Sources and Identifiers
Hebron is cataloged in a vast array of international databases and encyclopedias, including:
- **Encyclopedias**: Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition), Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron, Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Nordisk familjebok, Pauly–Wissowa, and The Nuttall Encyclopædia.
- **Library Catalogs**: Library of Congress Authority ID (n81071376), Bibliothèque nationale de France ID (15383032c), National Library of Israel J9U ID (987007566715105171).
- **Database IDs**: VIAF ID 167882129, GND ID 4238481-3, Freebase ID /m/09lvk, Golden ID Hebron-NM53B, and many others across digital atlas, weather, and mapping platforms.

## References

1. archINFORM
2. Muʻjam buldān Filasṭīn (Dār al-Maʼmūn, 1987)
3. [Source](http://mail.camara.rj.gov.br/APL/Legislativos/contlei.nsf/50ad008247b8f030032579ea0073d588/3f4147a57ed8aa3483257e8800663664?OpenDocument)
4. Virtual International Authority File
5. [Source](https://www.lhc-s.org/member_cities/index.php)
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. Czech National Authority Database
8. [Source](https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:z9f98LGZAzgJ:www.hebron-city.ps/pdfs/achievements%2Bbook2009.pdf+Hebron+population+site:hebron-city.ps/&hl=ar&gl=sa&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiGg1Z_tKDWG8k47e2GDqzDl7gUqB3uwKHIowKkWCEufgt7LJknFYkvKe-6kenBAqQ8T5Dwog7EQ-E3hCWQXrT2we1IxrGJtW1lHsW2ooKuXXF71_gia9drQY-DVa0ZeyQkq7g7&sig=AHIEtbQdWBXl_Yl7FSbJFGQBxPMHYW6dew)
9. [Source](https://docs.google.com/viewer?pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiGg1Z_tKDWG8k47e2GDqzDl7gUqB3uwKHIowKkWCEufgt7LJknFYkvKe-6kenBAqQ8T5Dwog7EQ-E3hCWQXrT2we1IxrGJtW1lHsW2ooKuXXF71_gia9drQY-DVa0ZeyQkq7g7&q=cache%3Az9f98LGZAzgJ%3Awww.hebron-city.ps%2Fpdfs%2Fachievements%2Bbook2009.pdf%20population%20of%20250%2C000%20site%3Ahebron-city.ps%2F&docid=2a3dfabac239ffc31ae4eefe2485ec68&a=bi&pagenumber=80&w=2000)
10. GeoNames
11. BBC Things
12. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
13. [Source](https://golden.com/wiki/Hebron-NM53B)
14. museum-digital