# Harriet Tubman

> African-American abolitionist (1822–1913)

**Wikidata**: [Q102870](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102870)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Tubman)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/harriet-tubman

## Summary
Harriet Tubman was an African-American abolitionist (1822–1913) who became a leading conductor of the Underground Railroad, helping enslaved people escape to freedom in the United States. She is celebrated for her courageous rescues and advocacy for women's rights, earning her the nickname "Moses of Her People."

## Biography
- Born: c. 1822 (exact date uncertain)
- Nationality: United States
- Education: Self-educated; learned to read and write
- Known for: Leading the Underground Railroad and advocating for abolition and women's rights
- Employer(s): None; worked independently and with abolitionist networks
- Field(s): Abolitionism, women's rights, civil rights

## Contributions
Harriet Tubman is best known for her work as a conductor of the Underground Railroad, where she guided enslaved people to freedom through secret routes and safe houses. She made at least 13 rescue missions, including one where she returned to the South 13 times to free family members. Tubman also worked as a nurse and spy for the Union Army during the Civil War, providing medical care and intelligence. She was a vocal advocate for women's rights, including suffrage and education, and helped establish the first Black church in the United States.

## FAQs
**What was Harriet Tubman's role in the Underground Railroad?**
Harriet Tubman was a conductor who helped enslaved people escape to freedom through the Underground Railroad. She made at least 13 rescue missions, including one where she returned to the South 13 times to free family members.

**How did Harriet Tubman contribute to the Civil War?**
During the Civil War, Tubman worked as a nurse and spy for the Union Army, providing medical care and intelligence. She also served as a scout and conducted reconnaissance missions.

**What was Harriet Tubman's involvement in women's rights?**
Tubman was a vocal advocate for women's rights, including suffrage and education. She helped establish the first Black church in the United States and worked to improve the lives of enslaved women.

**What awards and recognition did Harriet Tubman receive?**
Tubman was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame, the New Jersey Hall of Fame, and the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. She was also recognized as a Person of National Historic Significance by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada.

## Why They Matter
Harriet Tubman's work as a conductor of the Underground Railroad and her advocacy for abolition and women's rights had a profound impact on the fight for freedom and equality in the United States. Her courageous rescues and leadership inspired generations of activists and helped pave the way for the abolition of slavery. Tubman's influence extended beyond her time, shaping the broader movement for civil rights and gender equality. Her legacy continues to inspire efforts to combat systemic oppression and promote justice.

## Notable For
- Inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame (1969)
- Recognized as a Person of National Historic Significance by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada
- Known as the "Moses of Her People" for her leadership in the Underground Railroad
- Advocate for women's rights, including suffrage and education
- First Black woman to be awarded the Medal of Honor (posthumously, 1997)
- Helped establish the first Black church in the United States

## Body
### Early Life and Abolition Work
Harriet Tubman was born around 1822 in Dorchester County, Maryland, under the name Araminta Ross. She was enslaved from childhood and subjected to extreme cruelty, including being whipped and branded. Despite this, she learned to read and write through self-education. Tubman's early experiences fueled her commitment to abolition and her desire to help others escape slavery.

### Underground Railroad Leadership
Tubman became a conductor of the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses that helped enslaved people flee to freedom. She made at least 13 rescue missions, including one where she returned to the South 13 times to free family members. Tubman's courage and determination made her one of the most effective conductors in the network.

### Civil War and Military Service
During the Civil War, Tubman worked as a nurse and spy for the Union Army. She provided medical care to soldiers and conducted reconnaissance missions, earning the respect of her colleagues. Tubman's military service was recognized posthumously when she was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1997.

### Advocacy for Women's Rights
Tubman was a vocal advocate for women's rights, including suffrage and education. She helped establish the first Black church in the United States and worked to improve the lives of enslaved women. Tubman's advocacy for women's rights was a significant contribution to the broader movement for gender equality.

### Legacy and Recognition
Harriet Tubman's legacy continues to inspire efforts to combat systemic oppression and promote justice. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame, the New Jersey Hall of Fame, and the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. Tubman was also recognized as a Person of National Historic Significance by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. Her life and work remain a source of inspiration for activists and advocates for social justice.

## References

1. [A century after Harriet Tubman died, scholars try to separate fact from fiction. The Washington Post. 2013](http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/a-century-after-harriet-tubman-died-scholars-try-to-separate-fact-from-fiction/2013/03/09/c3061df6-872f-11e2-999e-5f8e0410cb9d_story.html)
2. JSTOR
3. Find a Grave
4. Virtual International Authority File
5. [Source](http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/19/reviews/001119.19rosengt.html)
6. BnF authorities
7. [Union List of Artist Names](http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500340125)
8. NNDB
9. [Source](http://www.harriettubmanbiography.com/harriet-tubman-biography.html)
10. [Source](http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/08/opinion/where-the-streets-have-too-many-names.html)
11. [Source](http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/24/books/review/Bell.html)
12. [Source](http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/24/books/review/Bell.html?pagewanted=print)
13. Czech National Authority Database
14. [Source](http://www.3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2008/02/harriet-tubman.html)
15. [Source](http://www.3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2011/02/on-the-trail-of-harriet-tubman-.html)
16. [Source](http://www.3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2012/02/harriet-tubman-1822-1913.html)
17. Enslaved: Peoples of the Historic Slave Trade
18. [Source](https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/harriet-tubman/)
19. [Source](https://njhalloffame.org/hall-of-famers/2008-inductees/harriet-tubman/)
20. [Source](https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/whflist.html)
21. Directory of Federal Heritage Designations
22. African American Leaders of Maryland: A Portrait Gallery
23. Notable Black American Women
24. BlackPast.org
25. Women of Distinction: Remarkable in Works and Invincible in Character
26. Integrated Authority File
27. Encyclopædia Universalis
28. Tubman, Harriet (1820-1913), legendary Underground Railroad conductor
29. Dictionary of Canadian Biography
30. FemBio database
31. SNAC
32. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
33. [Harriet Tubman | Open Library](https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL2746231A/Harriet_Tubman)
34. [Source](https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/articles/2017/john-defrancisco/pauline-copes-johnson)
35. [Source](https://www.agspak-buecher.de/G-Notz-Hg-Wegbereiterinnen-Beruehmte-und-zu-Unrecht-vergessene-Frauen-aus-der-Geschichte)
36. [Source](http://www.harriet-tubman.org/moses-underground-railroad/)
37. Union List of Artist Names
38. BBC Things
39. CERL Thesaurus
40. Quora
41. Harriet Tubman (1822-1913) | Open Library. Open Library
42. [Source](https://facebook.com/groups/709410852896325?view=permalink&id=709422146228529)
43. Golden
44. FactGrid
45. KBpedia