# Guernica

> town in the Basque Country, Spain

**Wikidata**: [Q189848](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189848)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernica)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/guernica-q189848

## Summary
Guernica is a town in the Basque Country, Spain, located in the Biscay province. It is known for its historical significance, particularly as the site of the 1937 bombing by the German Luftwaffe during the Spanish Civil War, which inspired Pablo Picasso's famous painting *Guernica*. The town has a population of approximately 16,863 residents and is part of the broader Guernica y Luno municipality.

## Key Facts
- **Location:** Town in the Basque Country, Spain, within the Biscay province.
- **Population:** 16,863 (as of recent estimates).
- **Inception:** Officially recognized in 1366.
- **Coordinates:** Latitude 43.316944, Longitude -2.676667.
- **Municipality:** Part of the Guernica y Luno municipality, established in 1842.
- **Historical Significance:** Site of the 1937 bombing by the German Luftwaffe, depicted in Picasso’s *Guernica*.
- **Aliases:** Also known as Gernika.
- **Website:** [http://www.gernika-lumo.net/in_index.asp](http://www.gernika-lumo.net/in_index.asp).
- **Related Entities:**
  - **Busturialdea:** Comarca of Biscay, Spain.
  - **Casa De Juntas De Gernika:** Cultural property in Guernica y Luno, Spain, established in 1826.
  - **Gernikako Arbola:** The Tree of Gernika, a symbol of peace.
  - **Astra-Unceta y Cia SA:** Company founded in 1908, headquartered in Guernica.
  - **Gernika Club:** Association football club founded in 1922.
  - **Gernika KESB:** Basketball team founded in 1996.
- **Languages:** Primarily Basque, with Spanish as a secondary language.
- **Wikidata Description:** Town in the Basque Country, Spain.
- **Wikipedia Title:** Guernica.

## FAQs
**What is the population of Guernica?**
Guernica has a population of approximately 16,863 residents, as of the most recent estimates.

**What is Guernica known for?**
Guernica is renowned for its historical significance as the site of the 1937 bombing by the German Luftwaffe, which inspired Pablo Picasso’s famous painting *Guernica*. The town is also known for its cultural heritage and the Tree of Gernika, a symbol of peace.

**What is the official language of Guernica?**
The official language of Guernica is Basque, with Spanish serving as a secondary language.

**What is the Tree of Gernika?**
The Tree of Gernika, or *Gernikako Arbola*, is a historic oak tree in Guernica that has been a symbol of peace and resistance. It is a significant cultural and historical landmark.

**What is the Guernica y Luno municipality?**
Guernica y Luno is a municipality in the Biscay province of Spain, established in 1842. It includes the town of Guernica and other surrounding areas.

## Why It Matters
Guernica holds immense historical and cultural significance due to its association with the 1937 bombing by the German Luftwaffe, which depicted the horrors of war and became a symbol of global peace. The town’s role in the Spanish Civil War and its artistic legacy through Picasso’s *Guernica* make it a pivotal site in both military and artistic history. Additionally, Guernica’s preservation of its Basque identity and cultural heritage contributes to the broader narrative of regional autonomy and linguistic diversity in Spain. The town’s status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site further underscores its importance in global cultural and historical preservation.

## Notable For
- **Artistic Legacy:** Site of the 1937 bombing depicted in Picasso’s *Guernica*, one of the most influential anti-war paintings in history.
- **Cultural Heritage:** Home to the Tree of Gernika, a symbol of peace and resistance.
- **Historical Significance:** Played a key role in the Spanish Civil War and the broader context of 20th-century European conflicts.
- **UNESCO Recognition:** Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its cultural and historical importance.
- **Basque Identity:** Preservation of the Basque language and cultural traditions within the broader Spanish context.
- **Municipal History:** Part of the Guernica y Luno municipality, established in 1842, reflecting its long-standing administrative and political significance.

## Body

### Geography and Location
Guernica is situated in the Basque Country, Spain, within the Biscay province. The town is part of the Guernica y Luno municipality, which was established in 1842. Guernica is located at coordinates 43.316944 latitude and -2.676667 longitude. The town is known for its scenic landscapes and historical sites, including the Tree of Gernika, a historic oak tree that has been a symbol of peace and resistance.

### Government and Politics
Guernica is governed as part of the Guernica y Luno municipality, which operates under Spanish administrative structures. The municipality is located within the Biscay province of the Basque Country. The town’s political and administrative functions are integrated into the broader regional governance of the Basque Country, which has its own autonomous government and legislative body.

### Demographics and Society
As of recent estimates, Guernica has a population of approximately 16,863 residents. The town’s demographic profile is reflective of the broader Basque Country, with a significant presence of the Basque ethnic group. The population has historically been influenced by the town’s role in the Spanish Civil War and its subsequent cultural and historical development.

### Languages and Culture
The official language of Guernica is Basque, with Spanish serving as a secondary language. The town is known for its rich cultural heritage, including the Tree of Gernika, which has been a symbol of peace and resistance. Guernica’s cultural identity is deeply rooted in its Basque heritage, which is preserved through various cultural events, festivals, and educational initiatives.

### History and Inception
Guernica was officially recognized in 1366 and has a long history of political and cultural significance. The town is most famously associated with the 1937 bombing by the German Luftwaffe, which depicted the horrors of war and became a symbol of global peace. This event inspired Pablo Picasso to create *Guernica*, one of the most influential anti-war paintings in history. The town’s historical significance is further underscored by its status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

### Administrative Divisions
Guernica is part of the Guernica y Luno municipality, which was established in 1842. The municipality is located within the Biscay province of the Basque Country and operates under Spanish administrative structures. The town’s administrative functions are integrated into the broader regional governance of the Basque Country, which has its own autonomous government and legislative body.

### Related Entities and Projects
Guernica is closely associated with several related entities and projects, including:
- **Busturialdea:** A comarca of Biscay, Spain.
- **Casa De Juntas De Gernika:** A cultural property in Guernica y Luno, Spain, established in 1826.
- **Gernikako Arbola:** The Tree of Gernika, a symbol of peace and resistance.
- **Astra-Unceta y Cia SA:** A company founded in 1908, headquartered in Guernica.
- **Gernika Club:** An association football club founded in 1922.
- **Gernika KESB:** A basketball team founded in 1996.

### Identifiers and Classification
Guernica is classified under various international systems, including:
- **ISO Codes:** Part of Spain (ISO 3166-1 Alpha-2: ES, Alpha-3: ESP, Numeric: 724).
- **UNESCO:** Designated a World Heritage Site for its cultural and historical importance.
- **Wikidata ID:** .
- **GeoNames ID:** 3128873.
- **MusicBrainz Area ID:** 471c46a7-afc5-31c4-923c-d0444f5053a4.

## References

1. Nomenclátor Geográfico de Municipios y Entidades de Población (20240402 edition)
2. BnF authorities
3. Virtual International Authority File
4. Register of Local Entities
5. [Source](https://www.worlddata.info/europe/spain/timezones.php)
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. MusicBrainz
8. Municipal Register of Spain 2013
9. Municipal Register of Spain 2012
10. Municipal Register of Spain 2011
11. Municipal Register of Spain 2010
12. Municipal Register of Spain 2009
13. Municipal Register of Spain 2008
14. Municipal Register of Spain 2007
15. Municipal Register of Spain 2006
16. Municipal Register of Spain 2005
17. Municipal Register of Spain 2004
18. Municipal Register of Spain 2002
19. Municipal Register of Spain 2001
20. Municipal Register of Spain 2014
21. Municipal Register of Spain 2015
22. Municipal Register of Spain 2016
23. Municipal Register of Spain 2017
24. Municipal Register of Spain 2018
25. [Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero. National Statistics Institute](http://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?padre=525)
26. Municipal Register of Spain 2019
27. Municipal Register of Spain 2020
28. Municipal Register of Spain of 2021
29. Municipal Register of Spain of 2022
30. Municipal Register of Spain of 2023
31. Municipal Register of Spain of 2024
32. Municipal Register of Spain of 2025
33. [Source](https://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=145064&ext=.pdf)
34. National Statistics Institute
35. [Source](https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=3081)
36. Flickr Shapefiles Public Dataset 2.0
37. List of Municipalities and their Codes by Provinces as of January 1, 2019
38. [Source](https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index.htm?padre=517&capsel=525)
39. GeoNames
40. Límites municipales, provinciales y autonómicos
41. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
42. museum-digital