# Gravisca

> port of the Etruscan city of Tarquinii, situated 8 km west of the city center

**Wikidata**: [Q1013831](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1013831)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravisca)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/gravisca

## Summary
Gravisca is the ancient port of the Etruscan city of Tarquinii, located in Italy approximately 8 km west of the city center. Functioning as an emporion, the site is classified as both a city and an archaeological site, serving as a significant maritime hub for the Etruscan culture.

## Key Facts
- **Location**: Situated in Italy, specifically within the administrative boundaries of Tarquinia.
- **Geography**: Located 8 km west of the Tarquinia city center at coordinates 42.21277778, 11.71027778.
- **Classification**: Defined as both a city and an archaeological site.
- **Culture**: Associated with the Etruscans.
- **Aliases**: Also known as Graviscae and Gravisca Emporion.
- **Time Zone**: Observes UTC+01:00 (standard time) and UTC+02:00 (daylight saving time).
- **Digital Identifiers**: Pleiades ID (413157), GeoNames ID (3163829), and Trismegistos Geo ID (32081).
- **Academic References**: Described in sources such as the *Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary*, *Pauly–Wissowa*, and the *Russian translation of Lübker's Antiquity Lexicon*.
- **Online Presence**: Wikipedia entry available in 9 languages (be, de, en, fr, it, nl, pt, ru, sv).
- **Imagery**: Associated visual documentation includes files hosted on Wikimedia Commons.

## FAQs
**Where is Gravisca located?**
Gravisca is located in Italy, situated 8 km west of the center of the modern city of Tarquinia. Its precise geographic coordinates are 42.21277778 latitude and 11.71027778 longitude.

**What was the function of Gravisca?**
Gravisca served as the port (emporion) for the Etruscan city of Tarquinii. It facilitated maritime trade and connection for the city.

**What type of site is Gravisca?**
It is classified as an archaeological site and a city. It is historically significant as a location of Etruscan culture.

**In which encyclopedic sources is Gravisca documented?**
The site is described in the *Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary*, the *Pauly–Wissowa* encyclopedia, and the *Russian translation of Lübker's Antiquity Lexicon*.

**What are the technical identifiers for Gravisca?**
Gravisca is identified by numerous database IDs, including the Pleiades ID (413157), GeoNames ID (3163829), Trismegistos Geo ID (32081), and the Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire ID (21336).

## Why It Matters
Gravisca holds historical significance as the primary maritime access point for Tarquinii, one of the major cities of the Etruscan civilization. Its status as an "emporion" highlights its role in ancient trade networks and economic exchange. The site's continued recognition in modern academic databases and classical encyclopedias underscores its importance in understanding Etruscan urban planning and their relationship with the Mediterranean Sea. As an archaeological site, it provides physical evidence of the Etruscan culture's reach and infrastructure.

## Notable For
- **Etruscan Infrastructure**: Serving as the dedicated port facility for the powerful city of Tarquinii.
- **Geographic Specificity**: Being situated exactly 8 km west of the urban center of Tarquinia.
- **Cross-Referenced Scholarship**: Being the subject of entries in major classical reference works like *Pauly–Wissowa* and *Brockhaus and Efron*.
- **Digital Mapping**: Extensive documentation in digital humanities projects such as Pleiades, Vici.org, and the Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
- **Multilingual Documentation**: Having a recognized presence on Wikipedia in nine distinct languages.

## Body

### Geography and Location
Gravisca is geographically positioned in the country of Italy, specifically within the region of Tarquinia. It lies 8 km to the west of the Tarquinia city center. The site's precise coordinates are 42.21277778° N latitude and 11.71027778° E longitude. The area observes Central European Time, specifically UTC+01:00 for standard time and UTC+02:00 during daylight saving time.

### Historical Context and Culture
The site is culturally defined by its association with the Etruscans. It functioned specifically as the port for the Etruscan city of Tarquinii. In addition to its primary name, the location is known by the aliases Graviscae and Gravisca Emporion, the latter emphasizing its role as a trading center. It is categorized under the class of "city," defined as a large human settlement, and is currently recognized as an archaeological site.

### Academic Documentation
Gravisca has been documented in several authoritative historical and encyclopedic sources. These include:
- The *Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary*
- The *Pauly–Wissowa* encyclopedia (specifically the entry titled "Graviscae")
- The *Russian translation of Lübker's Antiquity Lexicon*

### Digital Identifiers and Database Records
The entity is extensively indexed across various academic and geographical databases, facilitating its study in digital contexts. Key identifiers include:
- **Pleiades ID**: 413157
- **GeoNames ID**: 3163829
- **Trismegistos Geo ID**: 32081
- **Vici.org ID**: 55654
- **Topostext Place ID**: 422117UGra
- **Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire ID**: 21336
- **Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites ID**: gravisca
- **Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID**: gravisca (and former scheme ID 0247600)
- **GNS Unique Feature ID**: -132979
- **Freebase ID**: /m/0d99q4
- **VIAF ID**: 236445311

### Online Presence and Media
Gravisca maintains a significant footprint on the web, with a Wikipedia title of "Gravisca." The article is available in nine languages: Belarusian (be), German (de), English (en), French (fr), Italian (it), Dutch (nl), Portuguese (pt), Russian (ru), and Swedish (sv). There are 9 documented sitelinks associated with the entity. Visual records of the site are available through Wikimedia Commons, including images titled "Tarquinia_31122007088.jpg" and "Gravisca.jpg."

## References

1. Virtual International Authority File
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
3. GeoNames