# Geological Institute > São Paulo, Brazil **Wikidata**: [Q10302520](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302520) **Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/geological-institute ## Summary The Geological Institute (also known as the Geographical and Geological Institute) was a research organization based in São Paulo, Brazil. Established in 1975 under the São Paulo State Government, it operated as a dedicated entity for generating scientific knowledge until its extinction in June 2021. It has since been replaced by the Institute of Environmental Researches in Hydrographic Basins. ## Key Facts - **Inception:** Founded on September 26, 1975. - **Dissolution:** Extinct on June 16, 2021. - **Location:** Headquarters in São Paulo, Brazil. - **Parent Organization:** Secretariat of the Environment, State of São Paulo. - **Authority:** Operated under the authority of the São Paulo State Government. - **Classification:** Instance of a research institute. - **Successor:** Replaced by the Institute of Environmental Researches in Hydrographic Basins. - **Aliases:** Instituto Geográfico e Geológico; Geographical and Geological Institute. - **Website:** http://igeologico.sp.gov.br/ - **ROR ID:** 05gv30q64. - **GRID ID:** grid.472982.2. - **ISNI:** 0000000122033389. - **VIAF ID:** 168402243. - **Google Knowledge Graph ID:** /g/12176jv4. - **Library of Congress Authority ID:** n50059143. ## FAQs ### Q: What was the primary purpose of the Geological Institute? A: As a research institute, its primary purpose was to conduct systematic investigation to generate new knowledge. Unlike universities, it focused purely on research rather than combining it with teaching or degree-granting activities. ### Q: Who oversaw the operations of the Geological Institute? A: The institute operated under the Secretariat of the Environment for the State of São Paulo. It served the jurisdiction of São Paulo until its dissolution in 2021. ### Q: What happened to the Geological Institute? A: The organization was dissolved and abolished on June 16, 2021. Its functions and structure were replaced by the Institute of Environmental Researches in Hydrographic Basins. ### Q: How is the institute identified in international knowledge systems? A: It holds unique identifiers across multiple library and scientific databases, including the German National Library (GND), the Library of Congress, and schema.org classification as a ResearchOrganization. ## Why It Matters The Geological Institute served as a critical engine for scientific discovery within the São Paulo state infrastructure. By existing as a dedicated research institute rather than a hybrid organization, it allowed for concentrated resources and talent focused purely on geological and environmental investigation. Such institutes are essential for pursuing long-term, high-risk research that might not fit within corporate or university timelines. In the context of São Paulo, it represented critical infrastructure for addressing regional challenges, providing data and insights to support the Secretariat of the Environment. Its eventual replacement by the Institute of Environmental Researches in Hydrographic Basins marks a strategic shift in focus toward hydrographic research, reflecting the evolving priorities of the region. ## Notable For - Operating exclusively for research purposes, distinct from teaching institutions. - Being recognized globally with identifiers in Wikipedia (Portuguese), VIAF, ISNI, and the Google Knowledge Graph. - A lifespan of nearly 46 years (1975–2021) dedicated to scientific inquiry. - Direct administrative lineage to the São Paulo State Government’s environmental sector. ## Body ### Organizational History and Status The Geological Institute was formally established on September 26, 1975, via Decree 6822. It was classified as a research institute, a type of organization defined by its primary purpose of conducting systematic investigation to generate new knowledge. Unlike universities, which balance teaching and research, or companies that research for commercial ends, the institute existed purely for scientific advancement. The organization was headquartered in São Paulo, Brazil, and applied to the jurisdiction of the State of São Paulo. It functioned as a subordinate body to the Secretariat of the Environment, State of São Paulo, aligning its research objectives with regional environmental policy and oversight. ### Dissolution and Succession After operating for decades, the Geological Institute was dissolved, abolished, or demolished on June 16, 2021, as recorded in legal decrees. Following its extinction, the entity was replaced by the **Institute of Environmental Researches in Hydrographic Basins**. This transition marked a structural change in how the state managed environmental and geological research. ### Nomenclature and Identity The institute was known by multiple names and aliases across different languages and cataloging systems. Common variations include: - **Geographical and Geological Institute** - **Instituto Geográfico e Geológico** In the context of global research infrastructure, research institutes like this one are distinguished from think tanks (which focus on policy) and scientific societies (which are membership-based). Instead, this was an operational entity conducting hands-on investigation. ### Technical Identifiers and Classification The entity is mapped and cataloged across numerous international databases and knowledge organization systems, reflecting its validity and reach within the scientific community: * **Standard IDs:** It possesses a ROR ID (05gv30q64), GRID ID (grid.472982.2), and ISNI (0000000122033389). * **Library Authorities:** It is listed under the Library of Congress Authority ID (n50059143) and the University of Barcelona Authority ID (981058617550206706). * **Semantic Web:** The concept is mapped to `schema.org/ResearchOrganization` for structured data purposes and recognized by the Google Knowledge Graph ID `/g/12176jv4`. * **Geographic Data:** It utilizes the Geonames feature code S.ITTR, designating it as a research institute in geographic databases. ## References 1. GRID Release 2017-01-10 2. [Legislative Assembly of São Paulo](https://www.al.sp.gov.br/repositorio/legislacao/decreto/1975/decreto-6822-26.09.1975.html) 3. [Legislative Assembly of São Paulo](https://www.al.sp.gov.br/repositorio/legislacao/decreto/2021/decreto-65796-16.06.2021.html)