# Fundamentals and recent developments of free-space optical neural networks

> Research article (Journal of Applied Physics, 2024) · cited 14× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4400683714](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4400683714)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/fundamentals-and-recent-developments-of-free-space-optical-neural-networks