# functional programming language

> programming language that uses functional programming principles

**Wikidata**: [Q3839507](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3839507)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming_language)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/functional-programming-language

Here’s the structured knowledge entry for **functional programming language**:

---

## Summary  
A functional programming language is a programming language that uses functional programming principles, emphasizing immutable data and pure functions. It is a subset of programming languages designed to model computations as mathematical functions. Examples include Lisp, Haskell, and Racket.

## Key Facts  
- **Subclass of**: Programming language (`programming language [class]`)  
- **Related to**: Purely functional programming language (`purely functional programming language [class]`), which is isomorphic to lambda calculus  
- **Notable examples**: Lisp (1958), Racket (1995), Roc, Scheme Scribe, Skribe (2003)  
- **Programming paradigm**: Functional programming  
- **Aliases**: Functional language, lenguaje de programacion funcional, langage fonctionnel, 関数型言語  
- **Manifestation of**: Functional programming (`functional programming`)  
- **Sitelink count**: 8 (per Wikidata)  

## FAQs  
### Q: What is the difference between functional and purely functional programming languages?  
A: Functional programming languages use functional principles, while purely functional languages are strictly isomorphic to lambda calculus, avoiding side effects entirely.  

### Q: When was the first functional programming language created?  
A: Lisp, one of the earliest functional languages, was created in 1958.  

### Q: What are some modern functional programming languages?  
A: Examples include Roc, Racket, and Elvish, with newer languages like Verse emerging in 2023.  

## Why It Matters  
Functional programming languages revolutionize software development by promoting immutability, declarative style, and reduced side effects, leading to more predictable and maintainable code. They are foundational in academic computer science and widely used in industries like finance and data processing. Their mathematical basis enables advanced optimizations and parallel computing, making them critical for high-performance applications.  

## Notable For  
- **Early adoption**: Lisp (1958) pioneered functional concepts.  
- **Diverse applications**: Used in document production (Skribe), shell scripting (Elvish), and package management (Nix).  
- **Strong typing**: Languages like Racket and OCaml combine functional principles with robust type systems.  

## Body  
### Historical Context  
- Lisp (1958) was among the first functional languages, influencing later designs like Scheme and Racket.  
- ISWIM (1966) and Refal (1968) further developed functional paradigms.  

### Modern Implementations  
- **Roc**: A newer functional language focusing on simplicity.  
- **Verse**: Introduced in 2023, designed for metaverse applications.  

### Technical Traits  
- **Immutable data**: Core principle reducing side effects.  
- **First-class functions**: Functions treated as variables.  

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