# Fractional variable-order observer-based method for state-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries

> Research article (Applied Energy, 2025) · cited 16× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4408959660](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4408959660)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/fractional-variable-order-observer-based-method-for-state-of-charge-estimation-of-lithium-ion-batteries