# Fine-tuned encoder models with data augmentation beat ChatGPT in agricultural named entity recognition and relation extraction

> Research article (Expert Systems with Applications, 2025) · cited 14× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4408287616](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4408287616)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/fine-tuned-encoder-models-with-data-augmentation-beat-chatgpt-in-agricultural-named-entity-recognition-and-relation-extr