# Fifty Years of Fixed Optical Networks Evolution: A Survey of Architectural and Technological Developments in a Layered Approach

> Research article (Telecom, 2022) · cited 22× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4309002114](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4309002114)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/fifty-years-of-fixed-optical-networks-evolution-a-survey-of-architectural-and-technological-developments-in-a-layered-ap