# Fast Detection of Heavy Metal Content in Fritillaria thunbergii by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with PSO-BP and SSA-BP Analysis

> Research article (Molecules, 2023) · cited 20× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4364367856](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4364367856)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/fast-detection-of-heavy-metal-content-in-fritillaria-thunbergii-by-laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy-with-pso-bp-and-