# External human–machine interfaces: Gimmick or necessity?

> Research article (Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2022) · cited 68× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4283798144](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4283798144)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/external-humanmachine-interfaces-gimmick-or-necessity